摘要
近代英帝国的扩张及黑奴贸易活动使英国医学界有更多接触和研究黑人等“有色人种”的机会。基于18世纪后期逐步兴起的“多源论”,以及对黑人“生理缺陷”的初步认知,英国医学界在19世纪依据颅相学、气质学和人种病理学等一系列更具歧视性的“种族科学”,对黑人的“精神缺陷”和“精神疾病”进行了构建与研究。这不仅推动了“多源论”的进一步兴起,也衍生出一种具有种族主义色彩的文明观念,使得黑人等“有色人种”被塑造为在生理和精神上皆有“缺陷”的“不文明”的“低等种族”。此类认知迎合了近代西方殖民者固有的种族偏见及扩张需求,在19世纪中后期进一步催生出一种替西方殖民扩张辩护的“文明使命”论,为西方殖民者奴役和支配“有色人种”提供了重要的理论依据。
The expansion of the British Empire and slave trade in modern times offered more opportunities for the British medical community to contact and study the blacks and other“colored people”.Based on the“polygenesis”theory that gradully emerged in the late 18th century and the initial understanding of the“physiological defects”of the blacks,the British medical community conducted an in-depth study of the“mental defects”and“mental diseases”of the blacks in the 19th century based on a series of more discriminatory“racial sciences”such as phrenology,temperament theory and ethnopathology.This not only promoted the further rise of the“polygenesis”theory,but also gave birth to a racist concept of civilization,which defined the blacks and other“colored people”as“uncivilized and inferior races”with“defects”both physical and mental.This kind of cognition catered to the inherent racial prejudice and expansion needs of modern Western colonists,and further gave rise to a theory of“civilization mission”to defend Western colonial expansion in the middle and late 19t century,which provided an important theoretical basis for Western colonists to enslave and dominate“colored races”
作者
吴晗
蒋琳琳
Han Wu;Linlin Jiang
出处
《世界民族》
北大核心
2024年第1期73-85,共13页
Journal of World Peoples Studies
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究项目“殖民医学与英帝国在西非的权力建构研究(1792-1855)”(23YJC770032)的阶段性成果。
关键词
英国医学界
黑人
多源论
精神缺陷论
种族科学
British medical community
Blacks
Polygenesis
Mental defects
Race science
