摘要
明代宗族祠祭祖先盛于江西,且有一个扩展过程。明前期祠祭祖先的事例集中于吉安府,家祠、宗祠均有。家祠也见于南昌府丰城县、饶州府浮梁县,宗祠则有抚州府的事例。明中期吉安府士大夫热衷于讨论祠祭祖先的制度、古礼与现实,南昌府、抚州府也有祠祭祖先的事例。明后期士大夫有关始祖、龛位的讨论在加强,一般认同于程颐祭祀始祖的主张,民间将祠祭祖先理解为士庶通行之制,宗祠在民间普及迅速。吉安府祠祭祖先事例丰富,此外还有广昌府的著名个案以及南安府、饶州府、抚州府、南昌府的事例。明代江西著名士大夫杨士奇、王直、罗伦、罗钦顺、罗洪先等人,对祠祭祖先问题均提出自己的看法。
Worshipping ancestor in ancestral hall was popular in Jiangxi in the Ming Dynasty,and there was a process of expansion.In the early Ming Dynasty,examples of worshipping ancestor in ancestral hall were concentrated in Ji’an Prefecture,with both family and clan shrines.Family shrines were also found in Fengcheng County of Nanchang Prefecture and Fuliang County of Rao Prefecture,while clan shrines were found in Fuzhou Prefecture.In the middle of Ming Dynasty,the scholar-officials in Ji’an Prefecture were keen to discuss the system,ancient rites and reality of worshipping ancestor in ancestral hall,and there were also examples in Nanchang Prefecture and Fuzhou Prefecture.In the late Ming Dynasty,the discussion about first ancestors and niches was strengthened by scholar-officials,and they generally agreed with Cheng Yi’s idea of worshipping first ancestors.The common folks considered worshipping ancestor in ancestral hall as a common system among folks and gentries,thus the popularity of clan shrines was rapidly spread among the people.There were abundant examples of worshipping ancestor in ancestral hall in Ji’an,in addition to the famous cases in Guangchang Prefecture,as well as those in Nan’an Prefecture,Raozhou Prefecture,Fuzhou Prefecture,and Nanchang Prefecture.Yang Shiqi,Wang Zhi,Luo Lun,Luo Qingshun,Luo Hongxian and other famous scholar-officials in Jiangxi during the Ming Dynasty put forward their own views on the issue of worshipping ancestor in ancestral hall.
作者
常建华
CHANG Jianhua(Center for Chinese Social History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《安徽史学》
北大核心
2024年第2期135-146,共12页
Historical Research In Anhui
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多样性:辽宋西夏金元明清的日常生活与地方社会”(20JJD770009)的阶段性成果。
关键词
《家礼》
祠堂
宗祠
吉安
程颐
Jiali
ancestral hall
clan shrine
Ji’an
Cheng Yi
