摘要
电动汽车由于其显著的节能减排潜力,已成为未来交通领域的重要转型方向。然而,电动汽车的充放电行为主要由用户决定,每辆车接入电网都会引起随机的电力负荷波动。在我国以燃煤为主要电源结构的情况下,未经调控的随机充电行为将导致交通领域的减排效益转移到发电端,使电动汽车发展的节能减排目标失去实际意义。因此,电动汽车的发展需要重点研究充放电策略。充放电策略有无序充电策略、有序充电策略和V2G策略三种方式。本文总结了电动汽车充放电负荷的影响因素,主要包括电动汽车类型、电池容量、日行驶里程、充电起始时间、充放电功率、电价等,根据统计概率对这些主要影响因素建立了概率统计模型,并使用蒙特卡洛模拟法预测电动汽车负荷,得到不同充放电策略下满足电动汽车电力需求的日负荷曲线。然后,使用重庆市实际数据进行仿真,探究在实际条件下,规模电动汽车用户采用无序充电、有序充电、V2G对电网、环境和用户等各方面的影响,为利益相关者提供决策依据,并根据结论提出科学、合理、有前瞻性的管理建议。
Because electric vehicles have significant energy saving and emission reduction potential,it has become an important transformation direction in the future transportation field.However,the charging and discharging behavior of electric vehicles is mainly determined by the user,and every car connected to the grid will cause random power load fluctuations.In the case that coal is the main power supply structure in China,the random charging behavior without regulation will lead to the emission reduction benefit in the transportation field to the power generation end,making the energy-saving emission reduction goal of the development of electric vehicles lose practical significance.Therefore,the development of electric vehicles needs to focus on charge-discharge strategies.There are three kinds of charging and discharging strategies:disordered charging strategy,ordered charging strategy and V2G strategy.This paper summarizes the factors affecting the charging and discharging load of electric vehicles,including the type of electric vehicles,battery capacity,daily mileage,charging start time,charging and discharging power,electricity price,etc.Based on statistical probability,a probability statistical model is established for these major influencing factors,and Monte Carlo simulation method is used to predict the load of electric vehicles.The daily load curves to meet the electric demand of electric vehicles under different charging and discharging strategies are obtained.Then,the actual data of Chongqing Municipality was used for simulation to explore the impact of disordered charging,orderly charging and V2G on the power grid,environment and users under actual conditions for large-scale EV users,so as to provide decision-making basis for stakeholders and put forward scientific,reasonable and forward-looking management suggestions based on the conclusions.
作者
张银波
Yinbo Zhang(Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing,400074,China)
关键词
电动汽车
充放电策略
蒙特卡洛模拟
Electric Vehicles
Charging and Discharging Strategies
Monte Carlo Simulations
