摘要
2021年5月28日,位于喜马拉雅山南坡的西藏自治区亚东县康布麻曲流域暴发暴雨山洪灾害,地处流域下游的沿河战备公路出现多处崩塌与河岸坍塌,部分路段严重受损,电力、通信、交通运输中断,威胁下游军民生命安全,严重影响居民生活和军备物资正常供给。通过实地调查,明确了灾情险情,并联合卫星遥感和地面雨量监测数据研判了致灾降雨过程。结果表明:持续降雨和短时强降雨的叠加作用是山洪、边坡崩塌(含落石)、河岸坍塌等灾害发生的主要诱发因素;崩塌等局部性山地灾害与站点监测雨量变化有密切关系;卫星监测显示,下司马镇西侧为主要的暴雨中心,局部区域5月25~28日的持续降雨以及26和28日的两次短历时暴雨过程,激发了山洪及山地灾害。值得特别注意的是,此次灾害的发生时间并非主汛期,现场调查表明部分河岸和边坡仍存在垮塌的可能,应尽快加固边坡和河堤。总体来看,站点监测雨量更倾向于解释崩塌等局部性山地灾害,而卫星监测则易于判识区域性山洪形成的主要源区,协同两种监测手段则可能有利于流域山地灾害全方位多尺度的监控与应急响应。
On May 28,2021,a torrential rain and flash flood broke out in the Kangbu Maqu River Basin in Yadong County of Xizang Autonomous Region,located on the southern slope of the Himalayas.The war-ready highway along the river in the lower reaches of the river basin has collapsed in many places and the river bank has collapsed.Some sections of the road have been seriously damaged,and electricity communications and transportation have been interrupted,threatening the lives of the military and civilians at the downstream,and seriously affecting the livelihood of residents and the normal supply of armaments.Through the field investigation,the disaster situation was clarified,and the rainfall process was judged by combining the satellite remote sensing and ground rainfall monitoring data.The results show that the superposition of continuous rainfall and short-term heavy rainfall is the main inducing factor for disasters such as flash flood,slope collapse(including rockfall)and riverbank collapses.Local mountain disasters such as collapses are closely related to the changes in rainfall monitored at stations.Satellite monitoring shows that the west side of Xiasima Town is the main rainstorm center,and the continuous rainfall in the local area from the 25th to the 28th and two short-duration rainstorms on the 26th and the 28th have triggered torrents and mountain hazards.It is worth noting that the time of this disaster is not the main flood season.The on-site investigation shows that some riverbanks and slopes still have the possibility of collapse,so the slopes and embankments should be strengthened as soon as possible.In general,the rainfall monitored by stations is more inclined to explain local mountain disasters such as collapses,while satellite monitoring is easy to identify the main source areas of regional mountain torrents.The synergy of the two monitoring methods may be conducive to the all-round and multi-scaled monitoring and emergency response of mountain disasters in the basin.
作者
平措朗加
刘双
其米多吉
李伟
Pingcuo LangJia;Liu Shuang;Qimi Duoji;Li Wei(The fifth Geological Brigade,bureau of Geology and mineral exploration and development of Xizang Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;32017 troops,Lhasa 850000,China)
出处
《西藏科技》
2024年第1期40-46,共7页
Xizang Science And Technology
关键词
喜马拉雅山南坡
暴雨山洪
山地灾害
天地协同监测
公路灾害
South slope of Himalayas
Flash flood
Mountain disasters
Cooperative monitoring
Highway disaster
