摘要
为探究不同浓度二氧化氯处理土壤对烟草根茎病害防效及烟叶农艺性状、产量、品质的影响,通过对烟草根茎病害中度发病田和重度发病田进行1.5 kg/667m^(2)、2.0 kg/667m^(2)两种二氧化氯浓度处理,测定各处理对烟草根茎病害的防效及烟叶农艺性状,同时结合定量荧光PCR技术、气相-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)技术,检测不同处理土壤主要病原微生物数量、烟叶挥发性成分,并比较各处理区的经济效益。结果表明,二氧化氯处理后重度发病烟田发病率明显下降,1.5 kg/667m^(2)处理和2.0 kg/667m^(2)处理的病害防效相持平;中度发病烟田2.0 kg/667m^(2)处理的发病率最低。经二氧化氯处理后烟草的株高、株宽、叶片数等农艺性状显著提升,同时提升了上等烟与中等烟的产值、产量。主成分分析显示,经二氧化氯不同浓度处理后的烟叶挥发性成分存在显著差异,成熟烟叶主要有益物质显著提升。不同处理土壤病原微生物检测结果可知,两种二氧化氯浓度处理对中度发病田中青枯菌和烟草疫霉的抑制效果最为显著。不同浓度二氧化氯可以有效控制烟草根茎病害的发生,改善烟叶的农艺性状,提高烟叶的产量和品质。
The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of soil treated with varying concentrations of chlorine dioxide on the control of tobacco root disease,as well as on leaf characteristics,yield,and quality.Two concentrations of chlorine dioxide,1.5 kg/667m^(2)and 2.0 kg/667m^(2),were applied to the fields with moderate and severe root disease.The control efficiency of each treatment on tobacco root disease and tobacco leaf characteristics was measured.Quantitative fluorescent PCR and GC-MS technology were used to detect the number of major pathogenic microorganisms in soil and volatile components of tobacco leaves in different treatments.The economic benefits of each treatment were compared.The results showed that after chlorine dioxide treatment,the incidence rate of heavy disease fields decreased significantly.The disease control effect of 1.5 kg/667m^(2)treatment and 2.0 kg/667m^(2)treatment was equal.In the moderately infested field,the incidence rate of disease was the lowest when treated with 2.0 kg/667m^(2)of chlorine dioxide.Treatment with chlorine dioxide significantly improved the plant height,plant width,leaf number,and other agronomic characteristics of tobacco.Additionally,the yield and value of top-grade and medium-grade tobacco leaves were also improved.Principal component analysis showed significant differences in volatile components between the two treatment groups,and the main beneficial substances of mature tobacco leaves were significantly increased.The results of detecting pathogenic microorganisms in soil under different treatments showed that the use of chlorine dioxide in a certain concentration range had the most significant inhibitory effect on Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora nicotiana in moderately infected circumstances.Various concentrations of chlorine dioxide can effectively control the occurrence of tobacco root diseases and improve the agronomic characteristics of tobacco leaves,thereby increasing yield.
作者
张纪利
陈东豪
韦建玉
宋嘉仪
李俊霖
黄崇峻
栾新博
黎平
颜健
Zhang Jili;Chen Donghao;Wei Jianyu;Song Jiayi;Li Junlin;Huang Chongjun;Luan Xinbo;Li Ping;Yan Jian(China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co.,LTD.,Nanning 530001,China;College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of South China Tropical Agricultural Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture/Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture,Guangdong 510642,China)
出处
《中国植保导刊》
北大核心
2024年第1期72-79,共8页
China Plant Protection
基金
广西中烟工业有限责任公司项目(2020450000340022)。
关键词
二氧化氯
烟草病害
气相色谱-质谱联用
农艺性状
主成分分析
chlorine dioxide
tobacco disease
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
agronomic characteristics
principal component analysis
