摘要
淡水池塘养殖是我国重要的渔业生产方式,解析其时空发展格局对于研判和把握未来的发展趋势十分必要。本研究以历年来中国渔业统计年鉴数据为基础,对近40年以来(1980-2020年,以5年为间隔;另有2021、2022年)全国31个省级行政单元淡水池塘养殖产量、面积、单产、占渔业总产量的比例进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)养殖产量总体呈持续增加趋势,但增长率波动式放缓,1980-2020年增长率从181.9%下降至12.0%,2020-2022年均值为2348.3万吨,平均增长率为2.9%;(2)养殖面积亦呈持续增加趋势,但增长率波动式放缓,从53.1%下降至4.8%,2020-2022年均值261.8万hm^(2),平均增长率为0%;(3)单产总体呈波动式增长,但增长率从82.8%逐步下降至13.7%,2020-2022年均值604.7 kg/667 m^(2),平均增长率为2.4%;(4)各省淡水池塘养殖产量占渔业总产量比重的均值呈先上升后逐渐持平的趋势,1995-2022年波动持平变幅在44.6%~49.0%。受水土资源和环境保护刚性约束,当前淡水池塘养殖发展亟需从数量规模型向质量效益型转变,生态-经济合作型渔业综合体将是未来高质量发展的重要途径。
Freshwater pond aquaculture is a vital fishery production method in China,and it is necessary to analyze its temporal and spatial development pattern to predict future development trends.Based on data from the China Fishery Statistical Yearbook over the years,this paper analyzed the production,aquaculture area,production per unit area and proportion of freshwater pond aquaculture in 31 provincial-level administrative units in China during the past 40 years(1980-2020,with an interval of 5 years;also 2021 and 2022).The production results generally showed an increasing trend,but the growth rate fluctuated and slowed down,from 181.9%to 12.0%during 1980-2020,and the average production in 2020-2022 was 23.483 million tons,with an average growth rate of 2.9%;2)The aquaculture area also showed an increasing trend,but the growth rate also fluctuated and slowed down from 53.1%to 4.8%,the average in 2020-2022 was 2.618 million hectares,with the average growth rate was 0%;3)The production per unit area showed a fluctuating growth,but the growth rate gradually decreased from 82.8%to 13.7%,and the average value in 2020-2022 was 604.7 kg/mu(mu=0.0667 ha),with an average growth rate of 2.4%;4)The mean proportion of freshwater pond aquaculture production in total fishery production showed a trend of first increasing and then gradually flattening,with a flat fluctuation of 44.6%~49.0%from 1995 to 2022.Due to the rigid constraints of water and soil resources and environmental protection,the current development of freshwater pond aquaculture urgently needs to change from a quantitative scale mode to a quality benefit mode.In the future,the ecological-economic cooperative fishery complex will be an essential way for the high-quality development of freshwater pond aquaculture.
作者
张辉
吴湘香
陶玲
代梨梨
彭亮
万朝阳
李谷
ZHANG Hui;WU Xiangxiang;TAO Ling;DAI Lili;PENG Liang;WAN Chaoyang;LI Gu(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430223,China;College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《淡水渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期42-49,共8页
Freshwater Fisheries
基金
国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-45-22)
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFF0608202)。
关键词
池塘
淡水渔业
水产养殖
产量
面积
时空格局
pond
freshwater fisheries
aquaculture
production
area
temporal-spatial pattern
