摘要
如何解决“合同僵局”问题虽然在理论和司法实践中存在争议,但不可否认这种“僵局”现象的客观存在及其给经济秩序带来的不利影响。由于法定解除权在传统共识上的行权主体范围仅指守约方,适用情势变更规则抑或吸收借鉴域外法中的重大事由解除规则解决“合同僵局”问题亦存在功能上的局限性,而打破“合同僵局”是当前亟须解决的一个现实问题,沦陷于道德风险的桎梏中片面坚持合同严守原则并不是对守约方权益保障的最优解,赋予违约方以合法路径进行合同解除具有必要性。违约方的合同解除是赋予债务人相较于抗辩权更为强力的救济,以此化解“合同僵局”,平衡各方利益,促进社会资源的流通整合,体现其效率价值,同时防止守约方利用“合同僵局”损害违约方的利益,鼓励合同双方善意合作、公平交易,亦建立在公平与诚信原则之上,违约责任的强调亦是合同严守的另一种形式,因此,严格条件限制下的违约方合同解除具有正当性。
How to solve the problem of“contract deadlock”is controversial in theory and judicial practice,but there is no denying the objective existence of this“deadlock”phenomenon and its adverse impact on the economic order.Since the scope of the exercising subject of the legal right of rescission in the traditional consensus only refers to the non-breaching party,there are functional limitations in applying the rule of change of circumstances or adopting the rule of rescission of major causes in extraterritorial law to solve the problem of“contract deadlock”,and breaking the“contract deadlock”is an urgent problem to be solved in the current market economy.Being trapped in the shackles of moral hazard,one-sided adherence to the principle of strict adherence to contracts is not the best solution to protect the rights and interests of the non-breaching party.It is necessary to give the breaching party a legal way to terminate the contract.The termination of the contract of the breaching party is a more powerful remedy than the right of defense for the debtor,so as to resolve the“contract deadlock”,balance the interests of all parties,promote the circulation and integration of social resources,and reflect its efficiency value.At the same time,it prevents the non-breaching party from using the“contract deadlock”to damage the interests of the breaching party,encourages the parties to cooperate in good faith and make fair transactions,which is also based on the principle of fairness and good faith.The emphasis on the liability for breach of contract is another form of strict adherence to the contract.Therefore,the termination of the contract by the breaching party under strict conditions is legitimate.
作者
李贤武
柴娇娇
Li Xianwu;Chai Jiaojiao(Changchun University of Technology,Changchun 130000)
出处
《西部学刊》
2024年第5期77-80,共4页
Journal of Western
关键词
“合同僵局”
违约方解除
效率价值
诚实信用
“contract deadlock”
the breaching party’s cancellation
efficiency value
honesty and credibility
