摘要
长江流域是中国油菜主产区,该区域常年湿润多雨,且产区实行油菜-水稻轮作制度,导致渍害频发。为明确甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)对苗期渍害的响应机制,本研究采用盆栽试验,以强耐渍品系YZ12、中等耐渍品系YZ45和不耐渍品系YZ59为试验材料,研究苗期淹水对油菜表型性状、生理特性、光合作用、相关基因相对转录水平等的影响,同时分析了外源激素抑制剂对油菜渍害胁迫的影响。结果表明,淹水胁迫严重抑制油菜生长,根系活力可作为衡量淹水胁迫对油菜生长影响的指示指标。根细胞超微结构观察发现,淹水胁迫导致油菜根系细胞发生质壁分离及细胞器破碎解体,强、中耐渍油菜的细胞器受损程度较小,能够在淹水胁迫中维持较为正常的细胞形态;淹水胁迫下根部细胞骨架相关基因Bnamicrotubule1.A3、Bnatubulin-α2.C3、Bnatubulin-β7.C6、Bnalamin-like.A2相对转录水平显著下调至对照水平(CK)的0.2~0.5倍;无氧呼吸相关基因BnaPDC.C9、BnaLDH.A1、BnaADH.A7表达量显著升高,为CK的3~6倍,且在中、强耐渍油菜中诱导表达水平更高。过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性随淹水时间延长呈先升后降趋势,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量呈升高趋势,其中强耐渍品系抗氧化酶活性相对较高,而MDA增幅较小。淹水胁迫严重影响油菜叶片光合效率及叶绿素含量,导致油菜叶绿素含量、光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著下降,胞间CO_(2)浓度显著升高,且不耐渍品系变化幅度相对较大。淹水胁迫导致油菜乙烯(ethylene,ET)和脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)含量显著升高,其中强耐渍品系ET含量较高,不耐渍品系ABA含量较高;强耐渍品系的ET信号相关基因BnaACO1.C8、BnaERF73.C6相对转录水平显著上调,不耐渍品系ABA合成相关基因BnaZEP.A7相对转录水平上调。外源喷施激�
The Yangtze River basin is the main producing area of rapeseeds in China,which is wet and rainy all the year round,and the rapeseed-rice rotation system is implemented in the producing area,resulting in frequent waterlogging.To explore the effects of waterlogging at seedling stage on phenotypic traits,physiological characteristics,photosynthesis,relative gene transcriptional levels,and the regulation of exogenous hormone inhibitors on rapeseed damage under waterlogging,a pot experiment was conducted,and the strong waterlogging tolerant line YZ12,medium waterlogging tolerant line YZ45,and weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59 were used as the experimental materials.The results indicated that flooding stress severely inhibited the growth of rapeseed,and root activity could be used as an indicator to measure the impact of flooding stress on rapeseed growth.The observation of root cell ultrastructure showed that flooding stress led to plasmolysis and organelle fragmentation of rape root cells.The organelle of strong and medium waterlogging resistant rape was less damaged,and it could maintain a more normal cell morphology under flooding stress.The relative transcriptional levels of cytoskeletal genes Bnamicrotubule1.A3,Bnatubulin-α2.C3,Bnatubulin-β7.C6,and Bnalamin-like.A2 in rape roots were significantly decreased under flooding stress,which were 0.2–0.5 times that of the control(CK)samples.The relative expressional levels of BnaPDH.C9,BnaLDH.A1,and BnaADH.A7 associated to anaerobic respiration were significantly increased,which was 3–6 times higher than that of CK,and higher expression levels were observed in medium and strong waterlogging tolerant rapeseed seedlings than in weak waterlogging tolerant line YZ59.During waterlogging,the activities of POD and SOD increased first and then decreased,while the activity of CAT and the content of MDA increased.Among them,the enzyme activities of YZ12 line such as POD,SOD,CAT were relatively high,and the increase of MDA was small.The photosynthetic efficiency and chlor
作者
周香玉
徐劲松
谢伶俐
许本波
张学昆
ZHOU Xiang-Yu;XU Jin-Song;XIE Ling-Li;XU Ben-Bo;ZHANG Xue-Kun(Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education/Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期1015-1029,共15页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
农业生物育种重大项目(2023ZD04042)
农业农村部项目(15214011)
湖北省农业厅项目(鄂农油[2022]7号)资助。
关键词
甘蓝型油菜
淹水胁迫
根系超微结构
光合特性
抗氧化酶活性
激素水平
转录调控
Brassica napus L.
flooding stress
root ultrastructure
photosynthetic characteristics
antioxidant enzyme activity
hormone levels
transcriptional regulation
