摘要
“工业4.0”背景下厘清“中国智造”对劳动力就业的影响,有助于缓解“机器换人”带来的冲击,实现“稳就业”目标。基于2007—2021年A股上市公司数据,以“工业4.0”理念作为准自然实验,利用双重差分法考察“中国智造”能否赋能劳动力就业。结果显示:(1)“中国智造”显著提高了企业的劳动力雇佣量,通过一系列稳健性检验后结果仍然显著。(2)“中国智造”的就业效应在市场化程度高的地区和人口规模适度的城市、低市场地位和小规模企业、高技能劳动力数量多和薪酬水平高的企业中更突出。(3)“中国智造”通过扩大企业生产规模和缓解融资约束影响劳动力雇佣。(4)“中国智造”可以扩大企业利润,降低企业风险,提高企业生产率,在一定程度上改善企业的经营绩效。研究结论为智能时代企业如何实现“稳就业,促增长”提供价值参考。
In the context of“Industry 4.0”,clarifying the impact of“Intelligent Manufacturing in China”on employment can help alleviate the impact of“machine replacement”and thereby stabilize employment.This paper takes the concept of“Industry 4.0”as a quasi-natural experiment and uses the difference-in-differences(DID)method to examine whether“Intelligent Manufacturing in China”can enable employment.We use the data of A-share listed Chinese companies from 2007 to 2021,and the results show that“Intelligent Manufacturing in China”has significantly increased employment rates;these remain significant after a series of robustness tests.Heterogeneity analysis finds that the employment effect of“Intelligent Manufacturing in China”is more prominent in urban agglomerations with moderately sized populations and high marketization;in small enterprises with low positions in the market;and in businesses with a large,highly skilled work force being paid high salaries.Mechanism analysis shows that“Intelligent Manufacturing in China”can affect employment by expanding production and alleviating financing constraints.Further analysis reveals that it can increase profits,reduce risks,improve productivity and,to some extent,improve business performance.The research conclusion provides valuable references for businesses looking to achieve stable employment and promote growth.
作者
刘英
LIU Ying(Institute of Economic,Jiangxi Academy of Social Sciences,Nanchang 330077,China)
出处
《南京财经大学学报》
2024年第1期88-99,共12页
Journal of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“激活革命老区乡村红色资源的产业融合创新路径研究”(23BGL313)
江西省社会科学院项目“数智融合赋能江西乡村振兴的理论、实证与路径研究”(23NDQN09)
江西省青年马克思主义者理论研究创新工程资助项目“工业智能化对我国制造业就业的影响研究”(22QM106)。
关键词
“工业4.0”
“中国智造”
劳动力就业
A股上市公司
双重差分法
Industry 4.0
Intelligent Manufacturing in China
labor
employment
A-share listed companies
difference-in-differences method
