摘要
通过分析沼液和秸秆还田对土壤氮磷浓度及淋溶的影响,为指导农业废弃物利用和农田面源污染防控提供理论支撑。采用田间小区试验,设置4个处理即空白对照(CK)、常规施氮(CON)、优化施氮(OPT)和秸秆+沼液还田(SMB),通过测定作物产量、土壤硝态氮残留与总磷淋溶,探讨秸秆和沼液还田后土壤氮磷浓度变化和淋溶特征。结果表明:SMB处理产量分别达到CON和OPT处理的99.6%和95.4%,氮、磷吸收量分别达到84.9%、78.4%和85.7%、82.4%,但是氮磷农学效率比CON和OPT处理提高了13%。SMB处理土壤硝态氮浓度和淋溶量分别比施氮处理降低43%和77.3%,表观淋失系数仅4.83%,硝态氮残留量仅为施氮处理的28.9%。SMB处理总磷平均淋溶量为0.045 kg/hm^(2),土壤无机磷浓度为常规施磷量80.7%,80%无机磷转化为Fe-P和Ca-P,同时SMB处理活性有机磷占比为55.8%显著高于常规施磷34.2%,说明沼液和秸秆还田提高土壤磷有效性。综上所述,沼液和秸秆还田是一种环境友好的资源化利用途径。
To provide theoretical support for agricultural waste utilization and field non-point source pollution prevention,the effects of biogas slurry and straw returning on nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and leaching in soil were studied.The experiment set four treatments of control(CK),conventional N application(CON),optimized N application(OPT)and whole straw manuring plus biogas slurry returning(SMB).The crop yield,soil nitrate residuals and total P leaching were determined for analysis of soil N and P concentration and leaching characteristics.The results showed that crop yield under SMB treatment were reached 99.6%and 95.4%,N and P absorption attained 84.9%,78.4%and 85.7%,82.4%than those of CON and OPT treatment,respectively,which N and P agricultural efficiency of SMB treatment was increased by at least 13%.Under SMB treatment,soil nitrate concentration and leaching were decreased by 43%and 77.3%respectively,which the apparent leaching coefficient was 4.83%.The residuals in SMB treatment were 28.9%of chemical N fertilizer application treatment.The P leaching with SMB averaged for 0.045 kg/hm^(2),and soil inorganic P concentration was 80.7%of chemical P fertilization,which 80%inorganic P converted into Fe-P and Ca-P.Meanwhile,under SMB treatment higher and medium active organic soil P occupied by 55.8%,which was significantly higher than that of conventional P fertilization of 34.2%,indicating biogas slurry and straw returning to filed facilitated various forms of P availability.Thus,straw and biogas slurry returning to field is an environment-friendly waste resource utilization ways in China.
作者
王志刚
韩雪
刘运平
李伟
宋潇
郭立月
WANG Zhigang;HAN Xue;LIU Yunping;LI Wei;SONG Xiao;GUO Liyue(Beijing DBN Technology Group Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100095;Beijing Orient Landscape&Environment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100015;Institute of Botany,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2024年第6期107-114,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
大北农科技创新项目“规模化猪场种养结合安全高效模式研究与示范”(DBN0059)。
关键词
沼液和秸秆还田
作物产量
利用效率
氮磷淋溶
磷形态
biogas slurry and straw returning
crop yield
resource utilization efficiency
N and P leaching
P forms
