摘要
论文以闽粤两个重点侨乡为中心,基于民国报刊及各地档案资料,考察1937—1945年涉侨兵役办法的演变、实践及其特点,并结合日常抵抗理论与社会资本理论探讨侨乡民众之因应。研究显示,全面抗战爆发后,国民政府开始落实征兵制。在“三平原则”之下,海外华侨、部分归侨与侨生成为“合法的例外”,可申请免缓役。涉侨免缓役优待政策几经修订,渐趋细致与严格,这是国民政府试图平衡兵源需求与华侨资源之结果。但基层役政并未对涉侨兵役办法落实到位,反而滋生强制征集、买丁抵额等问题,并给缓役归侨出国设置障碍。侨乡民众利用独特的华侨资源予以因应。他们通常不敢冒险直接对抗权威,而是选择买替贿免与逃跑等日常抵抗方式。侨乡便利的条件,使出洋成为其因应役政的最后退路。相比于一般性征兵,侨乡缓役者众多、拥有侨汇收入、人口流动频繁等特点,都使国民政府涉侨征兵工作具有独特性。
Based on archival material and newspapers published in Guangdong and Fujian between 1937 and 1945,this study looks into the operation of a compulsory military service system introduced by the Nationalist Government after the full breakout of the Total War of Resistance.Legally,overseas Chinese and returnees were eligible for exemption for conscription,according to“three principles of ping”,which were made to balance needs of the central Government between recruitment of solders and utilization of overseas Chinese resources.In practice,there were various kinds of abuse of power by local governments.These led to many young men going abroad,which they regarded as the best solution and the last retreat for them.Overseas Chinese and their families were both participants in and victims of the malpractice of military service,a distinctive feature of Chinese international migration during the war.
作者
上官小红
SHANGGUAN Xiao-hong(School of Marxism,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)
出处
《华侨华人历史研究》
CSSCI
2024年第1期61-71,共11页
Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“海外华侨华人对中国共产党的认知流变研究”(22CDJ023)
重庆市社科规划抗战工程项目“抗战时期大后方的国际传播:以华侨社会为中心的考察”(2019YBKZ16)
中央高校基本科研业务费学院专项项目“抗战时期国民政府的国际宣传与国家形象塑造”(2020CDSKXYMY010)之阶段性成果。
关键词
闽粤华侨
归侨
侨乡
兵役制度
“三平原则”
Chinese sojourners in Southeast Asia
returned overseas Chinese
Qiaoxiang
military service
“three principles of ping’”
