摘要
碳交易通过显性碳定价原则,将排放的负外部效应内部成本化,为处理经济发展与减排关系提供了一种解决方案。截至2023年,全球共28个碳交易体系投入运行,覆盖的温室气体排放量超过全球排放总量的17%,实施区域从发达国家逐步拓展至发展中国家,从欧洲、北美等地逐步拓展至拉美、东亚等地,更多的区域选择将碳市场减排目标与宏观减排目标绑定,并通过不断优化制度提高市场有效性,碳市场影响力逐步提高。2023年中国全国碳市场核算、核查、配额分配、数据管理、自愿减排等制度方法取得重要突破,全年配额成交2.12亿吨,是2022年的4.2倍,成交均价68.15元/吨,较2022年上涨23.24%,较第一个履约周期上涨59.04%。经过两个履约周期的建设,全国碳市场已形成要素完整的全流程制度框架,责任主体分工明确,支撑平台安全运转,碳排放数据质量大幅提高,碳价格发现机制初步形成,碳减排激励约束效果初显,推动碳市场成为中国实现“双碳”战略目标的重要政策工具。下一步全国碳市场将扩大行业覆盖范围,梯次纳入水泥、民航、电解铝、钢铁等行业;优化配额分配方法,适时引入有偿分配机制;调整履约机制,明确结余配额结转规定;出台多项中国核证自愿减排方法学,完善强制减排与自愿减排市场的衔接;加快推进与国际碳市场的连接,促进技术、方法、标准、数据互认互通,协助积极应对欧盟碳边境调节机制。
Carbon trading internalizes the negative externalities of emissions and provides a solution for addressing the relationship between economic development and emission reduction through the principle of explicit carbon pricing.As of 2023,a total of 28 carbon trading systems have been put into operation worldwide,covering more than 17%of the total global greenhouse gases emissions.The implementation area has gradually expanded from developed countries to developing countries,and from Europe,North America,etc.to Latin America and East Asia.More regions choose to bind the emission reduction target of the carbon market with the macro emission reduction target of the region,and improve market efficiency through continuous optimization of the system.The influence of the carbon market has gradually increased.In 2023,major breakthroughs were made in China’s national carbon market,in terms of institutional methods including accounting,verification,quota allocation,data management,voluntary emission reduction,etc.The annual quota turnover was 212 million tons,which was 4.2 times that of 2022.The average carbon price was 68.15 yuan/ton,an increase of 23.24%compared with 2022 and an increase of 59.04%compared with the first performance cycle.After two performance cycles,China’s national carbon market has formed a complete process institutional framework with complete elements,clear division of responsibility,safe operation of supporting platforms,greatly improved quality of carbon emission data,preliminary formation of carbon price discovery mechanism,and initial effect of carbon emission reduction incentives and constraints.It has become an important policy tool for China to achieve the strategic goal of carbon peaking and neutrality.It is expected that China’s national carbon market will expand its industry coverage in the future,including cement,civil aviation,electrolytic aluminum,steel and other industries;optimize quota allocation methods and introduce paid allocation mechanisms;adjust performance mechanisms and cl
作者
王科
吕晨
WANG Ke;LYU Chen(Beijing Laboratory for System Engineering of Carbon Neutrality,Beijing Key Lab of Energy Economics and Environmental Management,Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research,School of Management and Economics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2024年第2期16-27,共12页
Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(23ZDA107)
国家自然科学基金项目(72293601,72271026,71871022)。
关键词
全国碳市场
欧盟碳市场
试点碳市场
成效与展望
碳价格
China’s national emission trading system
European Union emissions trading system
China’s pilot carbon trading systems
achievements and prospect
carbon price
