摘要
综合运用文献资料分析、比较研究等方法,探讨运动员生物统计数据保护的法理基础和制度构建。运动员生物统计数据处理既存在技术固有缺陷所引发的数据和算法风险,也存在其作为一种技术工具被滥用或恶意利用,从而造成侵害运动员隐私权益、劳动权益和公平竞争权益的风险。相较于一般的数据保护,运动员生物统计数据的敏感性和商业性、运动员身份的公众性和雇员性、体育行业的竞技性和自治性,以及算法规制理念的转向性使之面临着多方面的特殊考量。建议围绕告知义务的规范、最小必要的优化、安全保护的履行形塑开发行为规范,立足于数据同意权的设计、数据财产权的享有、合理推论权的引入构造运动员主体权利。可以研制“职业体育条例”“体育赛事活动管理条例”“体育俱乐部条例”等为契机完善相关立法,推动我国体育领域集体协商机制的构建和行业自治的完善,从而形成体系化的运动员生物统计数据法律保护机制。
Employing a comprehensive approach involving literature analysis and comparative research,this study delves into the legal rationale and institutional framework governing the protection of athlete biometric data.The processing of such data reveals inherent technical deficiencies leading to risks in both data and algorithms.Moreover,the misuse or malevolent exploitation of such data poses threats to athletes' privacy,labor rights and interests,and fair competition rights and interests.In contrast to general data protection,athlete biometric data demands special consideration due to its sensitivity,commercial implications,the public and employment facets of athlete identity,the competitive and autonomous nature of the sports industry,and the evolving principles of algorithmic regulation.Recommendations include the formulation of norms focusing on disclosure obligations,optimization for minimal necessary data utilization,and the establishment of behavior norms to ensure secure protection.Emphasizing the design of data consent rights,enjoyment of data property rights,and the introduction of reasonable inference rights,this study proposes the establishment of athletes' subject rights.Additionally,the study suggests the development of regulations such as “Professional Sports Regulations,” “Sports Event Management Regulations,” and “Sports Club Regulations” to refine existing legislation,foster collective consultation mechanisms in China's sports sector,and enhance industry self-regulation.The ultimate goal is to establish a systematic legal framework for the protection of athlete biometric data.
作者
徐伟康
XU Weikang(School of Law, China University of Political Science and Law)
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第10期53-65,共13页
China Sport Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD337)。
