摘要
[目的]揭示北方土石山区坡面水土流失规律,为山区土壤侵蚀防治和生态建设提供科学依据。[方法]利用1988—1991年坡面径流小区观测数据,运用统计和相关分析等方法,对不同下垫面条件下坡面水土流失特征进行了分析,并探讨了坡面径流深度、土壤侵蚀模数、土壤入渗率与有效降雨量、平均降雨强度、降雨历时、降雨等级的关系。[结果](1)在5°08′~24°08′坡度范围内,坡面径流深度随坡度增加逐渐减小,土壤侵蚀模数和土壤入渗率随坡度增加逐渐增大;(2)在2.18~33.19 m坡长范围内,坡面径流深度随坡长增加逐渐减小,土壤侵蚀模数和土壤入渗率随坡长增加呈现先增后减的变化趋势,存在临界坡长;(3)随着植被覆盖度增加,坡面径流深度、土壤侵蚀模数迅速减小,土壤入渗率逐渐增加;裸地的坡面径流深度和土壤侵蚀模数显著高于30%植被覆盖度坡面,但植被覆盖度由30%增加到60%,90%时,坡面水土流失过程的影响差异并不明显,说明在水土流失治理中存在临界植被覆盖度;(4)坡面径流深度、土壤侵蚀模数主要受到有效降雨量和平均降雨强度影响,且均呈显著正相关;而土壤入渗率主要受到平均降雨强度和降雨历时影响,与平均降雨强度呈显著正相关,与降雨历时呈显著负相关;随降雨等级的增加,坡面径流深度和土壤侵蚀模数呈增加趋势而土壤入渗率呈先增加后减少的趋势。[结论]下垫面条件和降雨因素对北方土石山区坡面水土流失过程产生了重要影响。未来应结合室内试验和模型模拟,进一步加强该区域不同自然因素和人类活动对坡面水土流失过程和影响机制的研究。
[Objective]The aims of this study are to reveal the pattern of soil and water loss on the slopes of Northern Rocky Mountain Area,and provide scientific basis for soil erosion control and ecological construction in mountainous areas.[Methods]Based on the observation data of slope runoff plots from 1988 to 1991,the characteristics of soil and water loss on slope under different underlying subsurface conditions were analyzed using statistical and correlation analysis methods,and the relationships among slope runoff depth,soil erosion modulus,soil infiltration rate and effective rainfall,average rainfall intensity,rainfall duration and rainfall grade were discussed.[Results](1)Within the slope range of 5°08′~24°08′,the slope runoff depth gradually decreased with increase of slope gradient,and the soil erosion modulus and soil infiltration rate gradually increased with increase of slope gradient.(2)In the slope length range of 2.18~33.19 m,the slope runoff depth gradually decreased with the increase of slope length,while the soil erosion modulus and soil infiltration rate showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of slope length,and there was a critical slope length.(3)With the increase of vegetation coverage,the slope runoff depth and soil erosion modulus decreased rapidly,and the soil infiltration rate increased gradually.The slope runoff depth and soil erosion modulus of bare land were significantly higher than those of 30%vegetation coverage slope,but the difference in the effect of vegetation coverage increasing from^(3)0%to 60%and 90%on the slope soil erosion process was not obvious,indicating that there was a critical vegetation coverage in soil erosion control.(4)Slope runoff depth and soil erosion modulus were mainly affected by effective rainfall and average rainfall intensity,and both were significantly positively correlated.However,soil infiltration rate was mainly influenced by average rainfall intensity and rainfall duration,and was significantly positively correlated
作者
李子君
刘家圆
王海军
Li Zijun;Liu Jiayuan;Wang Haijun(College of Geography and Environment,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China;Department of Hydrological Information,Shandong Provincial Center of Hydrology,Jinan 250014,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期1-9,共9页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
山东省自然科学资助项目(ZR2020MD008)
山东水土保持学会重点领域创新资助项目(2019003)
国家自然科学基金项目(41101079)。
关键词
下垫面条件
降雨
径流深度
土壤侵蚀模数
土壤入渗率
北方土石山区
underlying surface condition
rainfall
runoff depth
soil erosion modulus
soil infiltration rate
Northern Rocky Mountain Area
