摘要
目的 分析2012—2021年上海市杨浦区病毒性肝炎的流行特征及变化趋势,为科学制定病毒性肝炎防制措施提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法对2012—2021年上海市杨浦区病毒性肝炎网报疫情资料进行分析。结果 上海市杨浦区2012—2021年病毒性肝炎发病率呈现波动变化,发病率先降后升再降,年平均发病率为64.43/10万;各型病毒性肝炎中乙型肝炎发病率最高,年平均发病率为43.26/10万。近十年乙型肝炎发病率趋势呈现大幅下降后小幅上升,甲型肝炎、戊型肝炎呈现低水平散发状态,丙型肝炎发病率近十年有小幅上升,未分型肝炎发病率呈现下降趋势。上海市杨浦区病毒性肝炎发病年龄集中在50~<70岁年龄组,男性的年均发病率较高,为82.37/10万,职业以离退人员、家务待业人员为主。结论上海市杨浦区近十年病毒性肝炎的总体发病率呈下降趋势,但乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎近年有上升趋势。病毒性肝炎的疾病监测工作尚不能松懈,今后应加强乙型肝炎疫苗的接种以及重点岗位人员的甲型肝炎和戊型肝炎疫苗的接种工作,并通过加强宣教,避免高危行为,预防医源性感染等来控制乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎的传播;做好环境卫生等工作来加强戊型肝炎防控。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of viral hepatitis in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2012 to 2021,and provide scientific evidence for developing the control and prevention measures.Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of viral hepatitis reported in Yangpu District from 2012 to 2021.Results From 2012 to 2021,the incidence rate of viral hepatitis in Yangpu District of Shanghai fluctuated,with the incidence falling first,then rising and falling again,and the annual average incidence rate was 64.43/1 000 000.Among all kinds of viral hepatitis,hepatitis B had the highest annual incidence(43.26/1 000 000).The incidence of hepatitis B had dropped sharply and then increased a little in the past decade.Hepatitis A and hepatitis E occurred sporadically.The incidence of hepatitis C had increased slightly in the past decade,and the incidence of unidentified hepatitis decreased.Most cases of viral hepatitis in Yangpu District of Shanghai were the adults aged 50-<70 years old,and the male had the higher incidence with the average annual incidence rate of 82.37/1 000 000.The occupational division was mainly composed of retired and domestic unemployed people.Conclusion The overall incidence rate of viral hepatitis in Yangpu District has declined in recent ten years,but hepatitis B and hepatitis C have increased in recent years.The disease monitoring of viral hepatitis should not be slackened.In the future,we should strengthen the vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and the vaccination of hepatitis A and E vaccine for key posts,and control the spread of hepatitis B and hepatitis C by strengthening publicity and education,avoiding high-risk behaviors,and preventing iatrogenic infections,etc.Strengthen the prevention and control of hepatitis E by doing a good job in environmental hygiene and other related work.
作者
张珍
侯云
唐惠
毕亚涛
谭晓
ZHANG Zhen;HOU Yun;TANG Hui;BI Yatao;TAN Xiaojie(Yangpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shanghai,Shanghai,200090,China;Department of Naval Epidemiology,Naval Medical University,Key Laboratory of Biosecurity Defense of Ministry of Education,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biomedical Protection,Shanghai,200433,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2024年第1期46-49,55,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
上海市公共卫生三年行动计划(GWV-10.1-XK17)
国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流计划(81520108021)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81673250)。
关键词
病毒性肝炎
发病率
流行特征
时间变迁
Viral hepatitis
Incidence
Epidemiological characteristics
Trends in time
