摘要
根据青铜器的种类差别,可将辽西及冀东北地区商周之际的青铜器窖藏分为三群,各群窖藏的年代下限略有不同,分属不同的考古学文化。甲群窖藏均为青铜容器,其中的中原式铜器来自燕国的赏赐,目的是维持金属资源的运输。甲群中年代较早的窖藏可能与举行某种仪式有关,年代较晚的山湾子及马厂沟窖藏可能是因突然发生的灾难而匆勿埋藏。乙群窖藏均为兵器、工具,武装程度较高,该人群是燕人的主要防御对象,在西周早期为燕人消灭。丙群窖藏数量较少,礼器、兵器、工具兼备,性质尚不明确。西周中期晚段,与甲群有关的后坟类遗存、冀北地区的燕文化遗存、张家园上层文化以及燕都琉璃河都走向了衰落。
Based on the differences in the types of bronze artifacts,the bronze hoards in the western Liao and northeastern Hebei regions during the end of the Shang through the beginning of the Zhou can be classified into three groups.The terminus ante quem for each group varies slightly,belonging to different archaeological cultures.The artifacts in Group A hoards are exclusively bronze vessels,among which the Central Plains-style bronze vessels were bestowed by the Yan state,with the aim of maintaining the transportation of metal resources.Some hoards in Group A with an earlier period may be related to the conduct of certain ceremonies,while the later-dated Shanwanzi and Machanggou hoards may have been hastily buried due to a sudden disaster.Group B hoards contain primarily weapons and tools,reflecting a higher level of militarization.This group of individuals constituted the main defensive target for the people of Yan and were eventually eliminated by the Yan people in the early Western Zhou period.Group C hoards are fewer in number,featuring a combination of weapons and tools,with their nature remaining unclear.During the mid-late Western Zhou period,many types of remains associated with Group A declined,including the Houfen type,Yan culture remains in the northern Hebei region,the upper Zhangjiayuan culture,and the capital city of Yan at Liulihe.
作者
张振腾
井中伟
Zhang Zhenteng;Jing Zhongwei
出处
《考古学集刊》
2023年第2期105-123,I0031,共20页
Archaeological Collectanea
关键词
辽西地区
商周之际
燕文化
青铜器窖藏
Western Liaoning Region
End of the Shang through the Beginning of the Zhou
Yan Culture
Bronze Hoard
