摘要
源自佛教、原本虚拟的“世界”一词从中日甲午战争前后开始指称实际的全球,进而成为国人看待中外关系的重要概念。在此基础上,以列强推行“世界政策”造成激烈国际竞争为基本内涵的“世界大势”论风行于清季十年,从日本传到国内,从宏观判断到聚焦中国,由应对列强扩张而呼吁国内改革。梁启超倡导于先,留日学生群起呼应,国内士人鼓吹于后,最终涉及政治、经济、军事、文化、教育各层面,造成依据“世界大势”来变革中国的浓厚空气。“世界大势”论标志着士人的对外认知从局部、方面上升到全局、整体,同时又赋予“世界”观念以焦点和重心,对于近代中国“走向世界”一大跨步的辛亥鼎革,起到驱动作用。其笼罩性和规定性作用显示,在列国并立的时代,外部环境、士人意识、民心向背之于国家兴亡、政权存废的举足轻重。
The term"world",originated from Buddhism,began to be used to designate the actual globe around the time of the Sino-Japanese War,and then became an important concept for the Chinese to view the relationship between China and foreign countries.Consequently,the theory of the"world situation",which was based on the intense international competition caused by the"world policy"of the great powers,became popular in the last decade of the Qing Dynasty.It was spread from Japan to China,focusing first on a macro judgement and later on China,changing its calling for coping with the great powers to domestic reforms.Liang Qichao advocated it first,the students who studied in Japan responded to it,and the domestic scholars championed it later,and eventually it come to involve all aspects of politics,economy,military,culture,and education,resulting in a strong air of change in China based on the"world situation".The theory of"world situation"marked the change of Chinese literati's understanding of the foreign world from a local,partial perspective to a global and comprehensive one,and at the same time,it also gave the concept of"the world"a focus and a main emphasis.It played a driving role for the 191l Revolution that marked a big step for China toward the world.Its generalized and prescriptive role shows that,in the era of nation rivalry,the external situation,the literati consciousness,and the people's minds were all significant for the rise of a nation and the survival of a regime.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第2期187-196,共10页
Academic Monthly
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“近代中国‘世界’观念研究”(18CZS035)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国学术话语古今演变研究”(22JJD750042)的阶段性成果。
