摘要
超材料是一种通过设计获得的人造材料,具备自然材料所不具备的超常物理性能,这种特殊性能并非来自于材料组分,而是来源于经过特别设计过的人工结构。超材料最初源自电磁学领域,可表现出频率禁带(带隙),即在该频谱范围内,电磁波传输将被有效抑制。这种能对电磁波加以操控和处理的特性为解决各类工程问题提供了方便,激发了人们将其迁移至其他学科领域的热情。随后,声学超材料被提出,可对声波进行类似的操控,实现消声和隔音。与之相似,力学超材料也应运而生,可利用带隙特性对应力波进行处理,实现消波、滤波,提升结构的防护性能。超材料混凝土是力学超材料在土木工程领域的一项具体应用,其利用人工骨料的局域共振行为产生带隙,实现特定频率应力波的阻断。可见,超材料混凝土从波的操控角度实现了防护性能,与传统防护材料通过强度、韧性实现防护目的的本质不同,具有明显的创新性,开展相关研究对提升结构的防护性能具有重要意义。本文对超材料混凝土自提出至今的主要研究进行系统梳理,立足于工程应用视角,对超材料混凝土消波的实际验证、共振骨料带隙特征及设计准则、共振骨料空间分布及掺量效应、动荷载下的能量转移规律、共振骨料的改造五个方面进行综述,最后总结了当前研究的主要结论,并紧扣工程实际应用提出了对未来研究的展望。
Metamaterials are man-made materials that are designed to have extraordinary physical properties not found in natural materials,not from the material components,but from specially designed artificial structures.Metamaterials originally originated in the field of electromagnetism.The materials are engineered to exhibit frequency forbidden bands(bandgaps),i.e.,a spectral range within which electromagnetic wave transmissions are effectively suppressed.This ability to manipulate and handle electromagnetic waves facilitated the solution of various engineering problems and inspired its migration to other disciplines.Subsequently,acoustic metamaterials were proposed to similarly manipulate acoustic waves,enabling the silencing and insulation of sound.Similarly,mechanical metamaterials were also created,which utilizes bandgap properties to manipulate stress waves,achieving wave dissipation,filtering,and improving structural protection.Metaconcrete is a specific application of mechanical metamaterials in the field of civil engineering,which makes use of the local resonance behavior of artificial aggregates to generate a bandgap and realize the blocking of specific frequency stress waves.Metaconcrete from the wave manipulation point of view to achieve the protective performance,and the traditional protective materials through the strength,toughness to achieve the protective purpose are essentially different.To carry out research on metaconcrete to enhance the structural protective performance is of great significance.In this paper,the main research on metamaterial concrete has been systematically sorted out in the past ten years since it was proposed based on the perspective of engineering application.The practical verification of wave dissipation of metaconcrete,resonance aggregate bandgap characteristics and design guidelines,spatial distribution of resonance aggregate and admixture effect,energy transfer law under dynamic loading,and resonance aggregate modification are reviewed.The main conclusions of the current resea
作者
姚未来
刘元雪
孙涛
赵宏刚
穆锐
雷屹欣
YAO Weilai;LIU Yuanxue;SUN Tao;ZHAO Honggang;MU Rui;LEI Yixin(Army Logistics Academy of PLA,Chongqing 401311,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Geomechanics&Geoenvironmental Protection,Chongqing 401311,China;National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disaster Relief and Emergency Equipment,Chongqing 401311,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1-14,共14页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(41877219)
重庆市自然科学基金院士专项(CSTB2023YSZX-JCX0004,CSTC2021YSZX-JCYJX0002)
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0194)。
关键词
超材料混凝土
能量带隙
消波滤波
防护工程
metaconcrete
bandgap
wave filtering and suppressing
protective engineering
