摘要
一问题的缘起。东周时期,随着戎狄不断内侵,戎狄与周王室和诸侯列国发生了密切关系,所谓“南夷与北狄交,中国不绝若线”(《公羊传·公四年》)。戎狄文化遗存也大量出现于中原华夏地区,迄今考古发现的重要遗存有河南伊川徐阳村春秋戎人墓地[1]。
According to documented sources,the relationship between the Western Zhou dynasty and the Rong-Di tribes of the northwest was a crucial element of the dynasty's foreign affairs.This relationship significantly influenced the rise and fall of the Western Zhou dynasty,as well as cultural and social changes across both the Western and Eastern Zhou periods.While considerable archaeological research exists on the Rong-Di culture during the Shang and Eastern Zhou periods,there is a noticeable lack of studies focused on this culture's role and impact during the Western Zhou era.This article aims to fill this research gap.The paper begins by defining the Rong-Di people and their culture,highlighting their unique material cultural features.It also explains what Zhou culture is,detailing its origins and key elements.The study sets criteria for differentiating between Zhou and Rong-Di cultures from an archaeological perspective.It then scrutinizes archaeological discoveries in the Zhou cultural area during the Western Zhou era,dismissing certain artifacts once believed to be part of Rong-Di culture,such as egg-shaped urns,ring-pommel knives,pole weapons with tubular sockets,and bow-shaped tools.At the same time,the paper confirms the presence of Rong-Di cultural elements within the Zhou region.These include specific tomb types,bronze vessels,bronze forging techniques,and the custom of wearing agate bead accessories.The archaeological remains reveal specific traits of the northwestern Rong-Di culture from the Western Zhou era.They also highlight its cultural influence and the close ties it had with Zhou culture.These findings validate that the Rong-Di tribes,frequently cited in historical documents and inscriptions,do indeed have a traceable presence in Western Zhou archaeology.This study serves as a foundation for more in-depth archaeological investigations into the relationship between the northwestern Rong-Di and Zhou cultures,and it outlines several questions that need to be addressed in upcoming research.
出处
《考古学报》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第1期19-36,共18页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“多卷本《西周史》”(项目编号:17ZDA179)阶段性成果。
