摘要
【目的】探究适于新疆生产建设兵团第七师“宽早优”植棉模式的最佳株距和种植密度,从而为当地建立高产高效的棉花栽培技术体系提供理论依据。【方法】2021―2022年开展田间试验,采用“宽早优”(76 cm等行距,地膜宽2.05 m)种植模式,1膜3行3带。采用裂区试验设计:主区为棉花品种(新陆早61号和K07-12),副区为株距处理(设置5.5 cm、7.5 cm、9.5 cm、11.5 cm、13.5 cm和15.5 cm共6个水平)。研究不同处理对棉花的生育期、农艺性状、叶绿素含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD值)、干物质质量、冠层结构、产量以及纤维品质的影响。【结果】随着株距的增加,供试棉花品种的生育期缩短,单株果枝数、株高、茎粗整体呈增加趋势,第1果枝节位高度呈波动降低趋势。不同株距处理对SPAD值无显著影响。2022年盛花期、盛铃期和吐絮期,随着株距的增大,生殖器官干物质质量呈先升高后降低趋势,叶面积指数呈波动减小趋势,冠层开度呈波动增加趋势。2021年,同一棉花品种在不同株距下的衣分、籽棉产量和皮棉产量均无显著差异。2022年9.5 cm株距配置下,新陆早61号和K07-12的籽棉产量和皮棉产量较高,纤维品质也较好。新陆早61号的纤维品质更加稳定,不同株距处理间的纤维上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数、马克隆值、断裂比强度和断裂伸长率差异均不显著。【结论】“宽早优”植棉模式下,株距为9.5 cm(理论种植密度为13.85万株·hm-2)时,新陆早61号和K07-12可获得较理想的叶面积指数与干物质质量,籽棉产量和皮棉产量较高,也可保持较好的纤维品质。
[Objective]This research aims to investigate the optimum plant spacing and density for"Kuanzaoyou"planting pattern in the 7th Division of The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,so as to provide a theoretical foundation for establishing a high-yield and efficient cultivation system for local cotton fields.[Methods]Field trials were carried out in 2021-2022,and the planting pattern of"Kuanzaoyou"(76 cm equal row spacing,the film width of 2.05 m)with one film-three rows-three belts was employed.Split-plot design was adopted;the main plot was cotton variety(Xinluzao 61 and K07-12),and the subplot was plant spacing(5.5 cm,7.5 cm,9.5 cm,11.5 cm,13.5 cm,and 15.5 cm,a total of six levels).The effects of different treatments on cotton growth period,agronomic traits,soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD)value,dry matter mass,canopy structure,yield and fiber quality were studied.[Results]With the increase of plant spacing,the growth period of tested cotton varieties was shortened,the number of fruiting branches per plant,plant height,and stem diameter generally increased,the height of the first fruiting branch node exhibited a fluctuating decrease.SPAD values showed no significant difference under different plant spacing treatments.At the full flowering,peak boll setting and boll opening stage in 2022,with the increase of plant spacing,the dry matter mass of reproductive organs initially increased and then decreased,and the leaf area index(LAI)exhibited a fluctuating decrease,and diffuse non-interceptance(DIFN)showed a fluctuating increase.The differences were not significant for lint percentage,seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield of same cotton variety under different plant spacing treatments in 2021.In 2021 and 2022,the seed cotton yield and lint yield of Xinluzao 61 and K07-12 were higher and the fiber quality was better under the 9.5 cm plant spacing.The fiber quality of Xinluzao 61 was more stable,as there were no significant differences in upper half mean length,uniformity index,micronaire,breaking stre
作者
王洪彬
贺立强
张东风
宋美珍
王海娟
王志刚
刘海燕
Wang Hongbin;He Liqiang;Zhang Dongfeng;Song Meizhen;Wang Haijuan;Wang Zhigang;Liu Haiyan(Agricultural Science Research Institute of the 7th Division of The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Kuytun,Xinjiang 833200,China;Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang,Henan 455000,China;Agricultural Development Service Center of the 130th Regiment of the 7th Division of The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Karamay,Xinjiang 834034,China)
出处
《棉花学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期459-472,共14页
Cotton Science
基金
新疆生产建设兵团第七师胡杨河市财政科技计划项目(2021c11,2023c11)
2020年新疆生产建设兵团民生实事“提升农业科技水平”项目。
关键词
株距
密度
“宽早优”植棉模式
农艺性状
干物质积累
冠层结构
产量
纤维品质
plant spacing
density
"Kuanzaoyou"cotton planting pattern
agronomic traits
dry matter accumulation
canopy structure
yield
fiber quality
