摘要
【目的】全面评价107份种质资源的果实特征,为培育优良新品种奠定基础。【方法】于果实成熟期对果实品质进行测定、分析;采用Q型和R型聚类分析法对107份梨种质及其果实性状进行分类。【结果】84.11%种质资源属于中、大果型,果形指数约为1;48%的梨种质果实果皮呈现黄绿色、果肉白色、风味酸甜、汁液多和微香等特点;共检测出339种挥发性香气物质,不同种质香气种类及含量差别较大,其中酯类物质是香气主要成分;Q型和R型聚类分析显示,组内聚类种质具有一定的相似特征,且多具有相关性;主成分分析显示各性状贡献率较为分散,性状变异丰富。【结论】鉴定出文登实生种、栖霞大香水、鸭广梨等可溶性固形物含量高、香气浓郁的种质资源,可作为培育优良新品种的宝贵亲本材料。
【Objective】Pear is one of the important fruit crops in Shandong province,not only being rich in variety resources but also having a long history of cultivation.In the long process of production,the people have continuously created and domesticated a large number of excellent local cultivation va-rieties of pears,which have rich genetic diversity and are valuable materials for cultivating new excel-lent varieties.However,in recent years,the loss of local variety resources has been serious,and it is ur-gent to collect,preserve and research.Therefore,the fruit characteristics of 107 pear germplasm resourc-es in Shandong province were screened and evaluated,which laid the foundation for breeding new vari-eties.【Methods】107 local pear germplasm resources in the Core Demonstration Garden of Shandong Pomology Research Institute were used as test materials to investigate and analyze the fruit quality traits,including sensory evaluation,appearance quality and internal quality.The pears were harvested based on their maturation stage,and then those parameters including single fruit weight,longitudinal di-ameter,transverse diameter,sugar and acid contents,and so on were measured.The GC-MS method was used to determine aroma contents and composition.We also analyzed the distribution frequency and coefficient of variation of fruit characteristics.The fruit traits of 107 germplasm resources were classified by Q-type and R-type cluster analysis,and fruit traits were analyzed by the principal compo-nent analysis.【Results】(1)Among 107 pear varieties,84.11%of fruit types belonged to medium and large sizes.Most of the fruits were oval and round,and the fruit-shape index was about 1.The longitudi-nal and transverse diameters of most fruits distributed between 60-90 mm and 65-85 mm,respectively.(2)Most fruits exhibited such characteristics as yellow green skin,white flesh,sourness and sweetness,abundant juice,and a slight aroma.(3)34.58%fruit hardness were moderate and ranged from 3 kg·cm-2 to 6 kg·cm-2.The distribution r
作者
焦慧君
董冉
董肖昌
冉昆
王宏伟
关秋竹
魏树伟
JIAO Huijun;DONG Ran;DONG Xiaochang;RAN Kun;WANG Hongwei;GUAN Qiuzhu;WEI Shu-wei(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期201-215,共15页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
山东省农业科学院创新工程项目(CXGC2023F21、CXGC2023A13)
山东省果树研究所青年基金(GSS2022QN11)
国家梨产业技术体系(CARS-28-37)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020MC141、ZR2021MC177、ZR2023MC061)
农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室开放基金(NYZS202206)。
关键词
梨
山东省
种质资源
果实性状
香气
Pear
Shandong province
Germplasm resources
Fruit traits
Aroma
