摘要
应用中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂为浙江省千岛湖地区的枇杷传粉,评估2种蜜蜂传粉对枇杷果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明,枇杷花期不同时间2种蜜蜂访花密度差异较大,其中9:30~9:50时,中华蜜蜂的访花密度(10.35±2.15只/100朵花)显著大于意大利蜜蜂的访花密度(5.00±1.39只/100朵花)(P<0.05),其余时段2种蜂的访花密度差异不显著。经2种蜜蜂传粉的枇杷果实维生素C含量、总糖、糖酸比、单果重及果形指数等指标均显著优于隔离对照区的枇杷果实(P<0.05),在改善枇杷果实品质方面2种蜜蜂传粉效果基本一致。大田亩产量调查结果显示,中华蜜蜂传粉区的平均枇杷亩产量略高于意大利蜜蜂传粉区,但二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究认为2种蜜蜂传粉均达到枇杷增产提质的效果,其中中华蜜蜂更适合为山区冬季开花的枇杷传粉。
Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica are the two main pollinators of loquat in China.The effects of pollination by the two honeybee species on loquat fruit quality and yield were studied in Qiandao Lake region of Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2023.The results showed that the pollinator density at flowers of the two honeybee species at different times was significantly different.The data indicated that the pollinator density of both honeybee species varied significantly during the loquat blooming phase,with A.cerana cerana’s(10.35±2.15 bees per 100 flowers)being significantly higher than A.mellifera ligustica(5.00±1.39 bees per 100 flowers)at 9:30~9:50(P<0.05).The physical and chemical parameters of loquat fruit pollinated by two honeybee species,such as vitamin C content,total soluble sugar,sugar/acid ratio,single fruit weight and fruit shape index were significantly better than those of loquat fruit pollinated by isolated bees(P<0.05).The effect of pollination by two honeybee species was basically the same in improving the quality of loquat fruit.The survey results of loquat yield per mu in the field showed that loquat yield per mu pollinated by A.cerana cerana was slightly higher than that pollinated by A.mellifera ligustica,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The results suggested that pollination of both honeybee species could enhance loquat yield and quality,and A.cerana cerana was more suitable for winter pollination.
作者
董捷
黄敏婕
张红
杨淑媛
张嘉文
王德前
Dong Jie;Huang Minjie;Zhang Hong;Yang Shuyuan;Zhang Jiawen;Wang Deqian(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;Institute of Apicultural Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)
出处
《中国蜂业》
2024年第1期53-56,共4页
Apiculture of China
基金
浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGN21C170001)
浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2023ZDXT17-02)
杭州市重点研发项目(2020ZDSJ0909)。
关键词
枇杷
中华蜜蜂
意大利蜜蜂
访花密度
果实品质
Eriobotrya japonica
Apis cerana cerana
Apis mellifera ligustica
pollinator density
fruit quality
