摘要
道家高度重视人,提倡以人为本,认为理家与理身、理国遵循同样的道。理家之道的主要内容和具体表现是德。理家之德以和为贵。理家之德有必要运用,但有局限性和消极影响,必须被超越。超越了德的家庭关系表现为不即不离,相忘化道。具体地说,在理想的人际关系中,人应该是完全自由的独立个体,而非彼此的约束与负担。血缘亲情作为特殊的人际关系也是如此。所以,在道家看来,仁、义、孝、悌等伦理规范是对人性的束缚,唯有超越它们,忘记它们,家庭生活才能让每一个成员发挥本性真情、顺随自然,过上自在的日子,才能达至道的境界。总之,以人为本,以道理家,是道家家庭治理观的精义。管理的实质是人与人、人与物的关系的调节。在现代,理家是企业管理和公共管理的前提。
Daoism,people-oriented,believes that family management is the same as self-cultivation and state-governance.Virtue,which values harmony,is the main content and specific manifestation of family management.It,with limitations and negative effects,is necessary but must be transcended.Family relationship,beyond virtue,is manifested as moderate distance and mind peace.Specifically,in an ideal interpersonal relationship,people'should be the completely free and independent individuals,rather than the constraint or burden of others.The same applies to blood ties,a special interpersonal relationship.Therefore,in the view of Daoism,ethical norms—such as benevolence,righteousness,filial piety and fraternity—constrain human nature,and only by transcending and forgetting them can family members display and follow their true nature,live a comfortable life,and reach the realm of ultimate Dao.In general,Daoist family governance is essentially people-oriented and by virtue.Management is actually the regulation of the relationship between people and things.In modern times,family management is the prerequisite for enterprise management and public administration.
出处
《中国文化与管理》
2023年第2期71-78,252,共9页
Chinese Culture and Management
关键词
家庭
道家
道
德
管理
family
Daoism
Dao
virtue
administration
