摘要
开发先进的电解水制氢技术,推动制氢产业规模化发展,是缓解当前能源危机和环境污染的有效途径.当前发展的电解水制氢技术存在析氧反应(OER)动力学缓慢、能耗高、O2附加值低、活性氧物种降解隔膜等问题,限制了电解水制氢的大规模应用.对电解水系统进行反应设计,以热力学上更易发生的阳极反应替代能垒较高的OER,降低过程能耗的同时,得到高附加值的氧化产品,具有显著的经济效益和发展潜力.本文系统综述了牺牲剂氧化反应(Sacrificial agent oxidation reaction,SAOR)和电化学合成反应(Electrochemical synthesis reaction,ESR)在OER替代研究中的最新进展,对这两大类替代反应进行了分类,重点讨论了它们的氧化机制、适用的非贵金属基催化剂及相应的调制策略.此外,对开发高性能催化剂助力低能耗混合电解水制氢系统可能面临的挑战和未来的发展方向进行了展望.
Developing state-of-the-art water electrolysis technologies to advance large-scale hydrogen production is an effective way to ease the current energy crisis and environmental pollution.Conventional water electrolysis technology for hydrogen production primarily includes two half-reactions:anodic oxygen and cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions.Compared with the two-electron reaction process of the hydrogen evolution reaction,the oxygen evolution reaction involves a four-electron transfer,which has slow reaction kinetics,high overpotential,and low-added-value product of O2 and the generation of active oxygen species easily degrades the diaphragm,leading to the overall high energy consumption and low economic benefits,restricting its large-scale application.The development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions can considerably enhance hydrogen production efficiency for electrochemical water splitting.Although noble metal-based catalytic materials have high activity,they have poor stability and are expensive and scarce,preventing them from being extensively used.Efforts have been made to design cheap,high-activity,and robust stability nonprecious metal-based electrocatalysts to enhance the catalytic performance of the oxygen evolution reaction.Recently,several nonprecious metal catalysts with outstanding catalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction comparable with precious metal materials have been prepared;however,the existing water electrolysis technology for hydrogen production still faces some issues.It requires a high anode potential(>1.5 V(vs RHE))to drive the oxygen evolution reaction,and the O2 produced at the anode is not only of low value but also may crossmix with the H2 produced at the cathode,resulting in severe safety risks.Moreover,reactive oxygen species formed during the oxygen evolution reaction process can reduce the service life of ion-exchange membranes in electrolysis devices.These issues can be mildly addressed by designing and building anodic alternati
作者
王淼
邓蓉蓉
张启波
WANG Miao;DENG Rongrong;ZHANG Qibo(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization,Kunming 650093,China)
出处
《工程科学学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期744-764,共21页
Chinese Journal of Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52361039,21962008)
云南省优秀青年基金资助项目(202001AW070005)
云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才资助项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-346)。
关键词
电解水制氢
析氧替代反应
牺牲剂氧化反应
电化学合成反应
催化剂
water electrolysis for hydrogen production
oxygen evolution substitution reaction
sacrificial agent oxidation reaction
electrochemical synthesis reaction
catalysts
