摘要
如何发挥地方积极性、提升治理效能是当前深化改革与治理现代化的关键问题。传统的政府间关系视角未能充分关注日益活跃的市场主体在参与地方治理中的积极作用。这一作用可能缓解长期积累的地方财政压力,优化地方治理。论文利用交通基础设施改善带来的时空压缩效应,检验交通基础设施促进市场主体活力提升,从而改善地方财政与治理的潜在影响。基于事件研究法对2007年中国铁路提速效应进行估计的结果显示,地方人均财政缺口在铁路提速后显著缩小。该效应随时间不断增强,主要缘于人均财政支出的减少而非财政收入的增加;地方教育、医疗、科技创新等长期依赖财政支出的公共物品则并未减少,而是有所增加,显示了治理效能的提升。这两方面效应的产生伴随着市场主体活力的提升——民营经济的显著发展与劳动人口的显著增长。随着政府与市场角色定位的不断调整,探讨地方有效治理与财政状况改善时应纳入市场主体参与公共物品供给的视角,关注培育市场的手段可为提升地方治理提供长期优化路径。
Improving local government motivation and effectiveness is a key to deepening the reform and modernizing the governance system.The traditional perspective of intergovernmental relations fails to account for the positive role of increasingly active market entities in local governance.This role may ease the longterm accumulation of local fiscal pressure and improve local governance.This paper explores the potential impact of reduced spatial friction from improved transportation infrastructure on the promotion of market prosperity and the improvement of local fiscal conditions.We adopted an event study design,focusing on China's railway speed increase in 2007.Results show that the local per capita fiscal deficit was significantly reduced after the speed increase,and the effect continued to grow incrementally over time.The effect mainly came from the reduction of per capita fiscal expenditure rather than the increase in fiscal revenue.Local public goods such as education,medical care,and technological innovation that had long relied on fiscal expenditure did not decrease,but instead,increased.These effects were accompanied by the prosperity of market entities,significant development of the private economy,and a substantial increase in labor supply.With the continuous adjustment of the role of the government and that of the market,improving local governance effectiveness and fiscal conditions should incorporate the role of market entities in the supply of local public goods.Focusing on the means to promote market development can provide a longterm path toward improving local governance.
作者
朱俊明
李博峰
Junming Zhu;Bofeng Li
出处
《公共行政评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期121-139,M0005,M0006,共21页
Journal of Public Administration
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“自然资源高效利用与经济安全和高质量发展机制研究”(21&ZD104)
清华大学自主科研计划文科专项项目“基于政策过程及效果的产业绿色转型治理体系研究”(2022THZWYY14)。
关键词
地方积极性
铁路基础设施
地方财政
公共物品供给
政府与市场
Local Government Motivation
Railway Infrastructure
Local Finance
Public Goods Provision
Government and Market
