摘要
The southward expansion of East Asian farmers profoundly influenced the social evolution of Southeast Asia by introducing cereal agriculture.However,the timing and routes of cereal expansion in key regions are unclear due to limited empirical evidence.Here we report macrofossil,microfossil,multiple isotopic(C/N/Sr/O)and paleoproteomic data directly from radiocarbon-dated human samples,which were unearthed from a site in Xingyi in central Yunnan and which date between 7000 and 3300 a BP.Dietary isotopes reveal the earliest arrival of millet ca.4900 a BP,and greater reliance on plant and animal agriculture was indicated between 3800 and 3300 a BP.The dietary differences between hunter-gatherer and agricultural groups are also evident in the metabolic and immune system proteins analysed from their skeletal remains.The results of paleoproteomic analysis indicate that humans had divergent biological adaptations,with and without farming.The combined application of isotopes,archaeobotanical data and proteomics provides a new approach to documenting dietary and health changes across major subsistence transitions.
作者
马敏敏
卢敏霞
孙瑞
朱忠华
Dorian Q.Fuller
郭健新
何光林
杨晓敏
谭玲玲
芦永秀
董佳佳
刘睿良
杨继帅
李波
郭天南
李小瑞
赵东月
张颖
王传超
董广辉
Minmin Ma;Minxia Lu;Rui Sun;Zhonghua Zhu;Dorian Q.Fuller;Jianxin Guo;Guanglin He;Xiaomin Yang;Lingling Tan;Yongxiu Lu;Jiajia Dong;Ruiliang Liu;Jishuai Yang;Bo Li;Tiannan Guo;Xiaorui Li;Dongyue Zhao;Ying Zhang;Chuan-Chao Wang;Guanghui Dong(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Zhaotong University,Zhaotong 657000,China;Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province,School of Life Sciences,Westlake University,Hangzhou 310024,China;Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,Westlake Institute for Advanced Study,Hangzhou 310024,China;Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Kunming 650118,China;Institute of Archaeology,University College London,London WC1H 0PY,UK;School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China;State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology,School of Life Sciences,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;Department of Anthropology and Ethnology,Institute of Anthropology,School of Sociology and Anthropology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;Westlake Omics(Hangzhou)Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310024,China;The Department of Asia,British Museum,London WC1E 7JW,UK;Tonghai Cultural Relics Management,Yuxi 652700,China;Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment,Beijing 100101,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology,Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics,School of Life Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
基金
the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0601)
the Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA2004010101)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271160,32060208,31801040,and 32270667)
the Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China(21&ZD285and 20&ZD248)
the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2020YFE0202200)
Westlake Education Foundation
Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University(X2123302)
the European Research Council Grant(ERC-2019-ADG-883700-TRAM)
the Academician and Expert Workstation of Yunnan Province(202305AF150183)。
