摘要
为探明公交站地表灰尘重金属来源和污染水平,利用PMF模型解析重金属污染来源,在传统重金属污染评价方法基础上,采用Hakanson毒性响应系数来修正传统权重,引入物元可拓集理论,进而体现重金属的毒理性质和危害程度,建立物元可拓模型对研究区地表灰尘重金属污染水平进行评价,并与I_(geo)、P_(N)和RI结果对比分析.结果表明:(1)除Co和V外,其余重金属含量平均值都高于甘肃省土壤背景值,为背景值的1.29~9.30倍,Cu和Pb的点位超标率均为100%,Cr、Ni和As分别为96.15%、94.23%和96.15%,Co和V未超标.(2)相关性分析和PMF模型结果表明,源1为自然源,对V的贡献率为32.12%;源2为自然-交通混合源,对Cu和Co分别为51.50%和33.37%;源3为建筑废弃物污染源,对Cr和Ni分别为45.06%和44.70%,源4为燃煤-交通混合源,对As和Pb分别为49.89%和75.25%.(3)物元评价结果显示,研究区公交站地表灰尘以Ⅳ级(中度污染)为主,13%的样点为尚清洁,37%的样点为中度污染,轻度和重度污染样点各占25%.此方法与PN结果有较大差异,与RI结果较为一致,表明其评价结果更为敏感,可用于地表灰尘重金属污染评价.
In this study,a PMF model was used to identify the sources and pollution level of heavy metals in the surface dust of a bus station.On the basis of the traditional heavy metal pollution evaluation methods,the Hakanson toxicity response coefficient was used to modify the traditional weight.The matter-element extension theory was introduced to reflect the toxicological properties and hazard degree of the heavy metals,and the matter-element extension model was established to evaluate the pollution level of heavy metals in the surface dust of the study area.The results were compared with I_(geo),P_(N),and RI.①Except for Co and V,the other heavy metals were higher than the Gansu soil background values by 1.29-9.30 times.The points of Cu and Pb exceeded the rate by 100%,and Cr,Ni,and As exceeded the rate by 96.15%,94.23%,and 96.15%,respectively.②PMF showed that source 1 was a natural source,and its contribution rate to V was 32.12%.Source 2 was natural-traffic pollution sources,contributing 51.50% and 33.37%to Cu and Co,respectively.Source 3 was a construction waste pollution source,with contribution rates of 45.06% and 44.70% for Cr and Ni,respectively,and source 4 was a coal-traffic mixed source,with contribution rates of 49.89% and 75.25% for As and Pb,respectively.③The matter-element evaluation results showed that the surface dust of the bus stops was mainly class Ⅳ(moderately polluted),and 13% of sample points were still clean,37% were moderately polluted,and 25%were slightly and heavily polluted.The results of this method were quite different from the PN results and were more consistent with the RI results,indicating that its evaluation results were more sensitive and can be used for heavy metal pollution assessment.
作者
李春艳
王新民
王海
吕晓斌
LI Chun-yan;WANG Xin-min;WANG Hai;LÜXiao-bin(College of Environment Engineering,Gansu Forestry Polytechnic,Tianshui 741020,China;College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Tianshui Normal University,Tianshui 741000,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期417-428,共12页
Environmental Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41771220)
甘肃省教育科技创新基金项目(2022B-350)。
关键词
物元可拓模型
地表灰尘
PMF模型
毒性响应系数
重金属
公交站
matter-element extension model
surface dust
PMF model
toxic response coefficients
heavy metals
bus stops
