摘要
资本一劳动替代弹性是理解劳动收入份额演变的关键。本文在一个整合生产端和需求端的结构估计框架内同时纳入中性和有偏技术进步,使用全国税收调查数据估计微观替代弹性,然后加总得到宏观替代弹性,并在此基础上考察金融危机以来劳动收入份额上升的驱动力。研究结果如下,(1)2007-2016年微观替代弹性平均为2.877,且制造业要高于服务业。考虑需求价格弹性和资本密集度等其他企业异质性后,中国全行业加总替代弹性为2.540,表明中国资本和劳动要素总体呈现替代关系。(2)给定替代弹性估计,2007年后劳动收入份额上升并非由要素相对价格变化驱动,劳动市场垄断及劳动调整成本等剩余未解释因素的影响也较小。真正动因在于有偏技术进步,它可以解释这一时期劳动收入份额变化的187%,且有偏技术进步对制造业劳动收入份额上升的促进作用明显高于服务业。本文描述了金融危机以来中国资本一劳动替代弹性演变的整体图景,并据此识别出近年来劳动收入份额上升的核心动力,可以为新时期推动中国经济高质量发展的公共政策提供重要的决策依据。
Substitution between factors and factor-biased technological progress reflect the adjustment of the optimal state caused by technical changes in the production process within an enterprise or industry,which is the technical perspective emphasized by the existing literature to understand the changes in the labor share.The key to evaluating their impact on the labor share lies in the elasticity of substitution.On the one hand,as an important parameter of the production function,the elasticity of substitution measures the degree to which the capital-labor input ratio changes as the factor price ratio changes under the condition of constant output.On the other hand,the elasticity of substitution is the key to distinguishing factor-augmenting technological progress from factor-biased technological progress.The former improves the production efficiency of factors,while the latter increases the relative marginal product of factors.If the elasticity of substitution is less than 1,the factoraugmenting productivity improvement will increase both labor productivity and the relative marginal product of capital,thus showing capital-biased technological progress,resulting in a decrease in the labor share.On the contrary,if the elasticity of substitution is greater than 1,the labor-augmenting productivity improvement increases labor productivity while reducing the relative marginal product of capital,which is finally reflected as labor-biased technological progress,and the labor share rises.Our study focused on the accurate estimation of the elasticity of substitution and its impact on the rise in the labor share of China after 2007.Firstly,we did not make any parametric assumptions on macro production function,and constructed a structural model including the production function and demand function of enterprises,so as to alleviate the estimation errors that may be caused by the mutual influence of factors on the production side and the demand side,and obtain the micro elasticity of substitution within an integrated framework.S
作者
尹恒
张道远
李辉
YIN Heng;ZHANG Daoyuan;LI Hui(Renmin University of China,100872)
出处
《财贸经济》
北大核心
2024年第1期141-157,共17页
Finance & Trade Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“中国劳动收入份额演变的新趋势及驱动力研究:基于企业行为的微观视角”(72173131)
国家自然科学基金项目“异质企业环境下税收的超额负担研究”(71873132)。
关键词
替代弹性
劳动收入份额
有偏技术进步
结构估计
要素相对价格
Elasticity of Substitution
Share of Labor Income
Biased Technological Change
Structural Estimation
Relative Prices of Factors
