摘要
竖缝式鱼道具有隔板型式简单、水流条件好、主流位置明确等特点,适宜喜爱不同水层鱼类洄游,是目前应用最为广泛的过鱼工程。参考规范要求,以实际工程为例,初步设计3种鱼道池室隔板型式,利用数值模拟的方法,以第1种鱼道池室结构搭建数学模型计算出的竖缝位置流速和池室表层水流流态,与物理模型试验结果进行对比,验证数学模型隔板型式尺寸优化的合理性。根据池室内的水力特性优化隔板型式,对确定的优化隔板型式以比尺为1∶5的局部物理模型试验对不同竖缝处不同水深进行流速测量,以尺为1∶20的整体物理模型试验对竖缝处流速以及沿程水深进行测量。试验结果表明,当鱼道出口水深不小于进口水深时,即运行工况1和运行工况4,各隔板竖缝附近流速均小于设计流速1.2 m/s,当鱼道出口水深小于进口水深时,即运行工况2和运行工况3,鱼道进口处隔板竖缝附近流速较大,运行工况2时,最大流速为1.319 m/s;运行工况3时,最大流速为1.561 m/s,均超过设计流速1.2 m/s。建议鱼道在工况1和工况4条件下运行。同时对始水状态下鱼道的水力特性进行分析,建议采用流速为4 m/s的冲击流速值加强对鱼道首部数级水池隔板与导板的结构设计。
The vertical slit fishway has the characteristics of simple partition type,good flow conditions of water,and clear mainstream position,making it suitable for fish migration in different water layers.It is currently the most widely used fish passage engineering.Under the same conditions of length to the width ratio,vertical seam position,and partition thickness of the pond,three types of fishway pond partition are preliminarily designed.Modeling software is used to build a mathematical model and numerically simulate the structure of the first type of fishway pool chamber.The numerical simulation process includes determining the model boundary conditions,meshing the model,inputting calculation parameters,and conducting solving calculations of model.The maximum flow velocity near the vertical joint of the 2~9 partition plate calculated by the mathematical model is compared with the water flow pattern of surface of the tank chamber with the maximum flow velocity near the vertical joint measured by the model experiment of physics and the water flow pattern of surface of the tank chamber,to verify the rationality of the optimization of the partition plate type and size in the mathematical model.The numerical simulation method is used to calculate three types of fishway tank structures,and the baffle type is optimized by analyzing the maximum flow velocity of the water along the main flow zone and trajectory of different tank structures,as well as the flow velocity at different depths near the vertical seam of the 5th baffle.A 1∶5 scale local physical model test is conducted on the determined optimized partition type,which involves measuring the flow velocity with different vertical joints in different depths;a model test of physics is conducted on a scale of 1∶20 for the determined optimized partition type,with measurements of the flow velocity at the vertical joint and the water depth along the way.The test results show that when the water depth at the outlet of the fishway is not less than the inlet water depth,i
作者
韩雷
张以闯
张帅康
田振华
高宇
李洋
HAN Lei;ZHANG Yi-chuang;ZHANG Shuai-kang;TIAN Zhen-hua;GAO Yu;LI Yang(Heilongjiang Provincial Hydraulic Research Institute,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang Province,China;School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power of Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang Province,China)
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2024年第2期165-171,共7页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2019E125)
黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目(2021-KYYWF-0049)。
关键词
水力学
竖缝式鱼道
设计
模型试验
分析
hydraulics
vertical seam fishway
devise
model testing
analyze
