摘要
【目的】风险社会背景下,中国自然灾害多发,要求更高的灾害应对能力。亟待开展对自然灾害调查评估的研究,从危机中学习,强化应急管理能力。【方法】运用比较分析方法,基于灾害调查评估报告,明确了自然灾害调查评估的概念、组织实施过程以及中日美三国各自特征。结合国内自然灾害调查评估的理论,发现了现存问题并提出了优化建议。【结果】研究发现:(1)自然灾害调查评估的过程比较明晰,上级主导调查有助于打破下级信息垄断。(2)当前我国调查评估建设规范化不足,存在“调查-追责”的思维局限。【结论】针对存在的问题提出了建议:(1)优化现有调查评估指标体系。(2)建立多主体调查评估制度。(3)建立国际双向合作互动格局。(4)建立以评估促改进的危机学习机制。研究结果对于深化自然灾害调查评估研究、优化政府自然灾害调查评估工作具有参考价值。
[Objective]In the context of risk society,China is prone to natural disasters,which requires higher disaster response capability.There is an urgent need to conduct research on natural disaster investigation and assessment to learn from crises and strengthen emergency management capabilities.[Methods]Using the comparative analysis method,based on the disaster investigation and assessment report,the concept of natural disaster investigation and assessment,the organization and implementation process,and the respective characteristics of China,Japan and the United States are clarified.Combining the theories of natural disaster investigation and assessment in China,existing problems were identified and suggestions for optimization were made.[Results]The results showed that:(1)the process of natural disaster investigation and assessment is relatively clear,and the higher level-led investigation helps to break the monopoly of information at the lower level.(2)the current investigation and assessment construction in China is not standardized enough,and there is a limitation of“investigation-accountability”thinking.[Conclusion]Suggestions for improvement are made to address the existing problems:(1)optimize the existing survey evaluation index system.(2)Establish a multi-body investigation and evaluation system.(3)Establish an interactive pattern of international two-way cooperation.(4)Establishing a crisis learning mechanism to promote improvement through assessment.The research result are of reference value for deepening the research on natural disaster investigation and assessment and optimizing the government′s natural disaster investigation and assessment work.
作者
刘文斌
孔锋
LIU Wenbin;KONG Feng(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Center for Crisis Management Research,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《水利水电技术（中英文）》
北大核心
2023年第12期51-63,共13页
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
基金
中国高等教育学会2022年度高等教育科学研究规划课题(22DL0302)
陕西省社会科学基金重大项目(2023ZD07)
2021年度中华农业科教基金课程教材建设研究项目(NKJ202103014)
北京市高等教育学会2022年立项课题面上项目(MS2022370)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023TC075)。
关键词
自然灾害
自然灾害调查评估
应急管理
防灾减灾
灾害管理能力
国际经验
气候变化
干旱
natural disaster
natural disaster investigation and assessment
emergency management
disaster prevention and mitigation
disaster management capacity
international experience
climate change
drought
