摘要
罗尔斯所提出的“正义”观念,是一种普遍主义的正义观,即在整个人类社会中,所有人都享有同样的平等自由权,每个人都有同等的权利和义务去追求幸福、尊严和福利,每个人都享有基本的自由权利。罗尔斯认为正义就是在社会中建立一种最基本的自由体系,而社会自由体系的构建首先要解决自由的优先性问题。在《正义论》中,罗尔斯提出了对自由优先性三个方面的辩护论证,即自尊论、良心平等自由论和利益层次论,不过罗尔斯的三层论证并没有赋予基本自由以词典式优先。康德式自律观念的利益层次论重建,为正义原则提供了一种建构主义的解释。在《政治自由主义》中,罗尔斯对正义原则进一步展开论证,政治自由主义的论证方式明显已经受到黑格尔影响而逐渐偏离了康德,黑格尔哲学为罗尔斯构思正义理论提供了体系框架。不容置疑的是,罗尔斯的现代自由理论已经成为一种完全超越了康德主义和黑格尔主义,为民主立宪社会稳定提供一定合理解释的理论。
In contemporary Western political philosophy,Rawls is the most important figure,and his term"justice"holds a very important position in Western political philosophy.The concept of"justice"proposed by him is a universalist view of justice,that is,in the entire human society,everyone enjoys the same equal right to freedom,everyone has the same rights and obligations to pursue happiness,dignity,and welfare,and everyone enjoys basic freedom rights,which is the basic meaning of Rawls'"justice".Rawls believed that justice is the establishment of a fundamental system of freedom in society,and the construction of a social freedom system first needs to address the priority of freedom.In"The Theory of Justice",Rawls proposed defense arguments for the priority of freedom in three aspects,namely,the theory of self-esteem,the theory of equal freedom of conscience,and the theory of hierarchy of interests.However,Rawls'three level arguments did not give basic freedom dictionary priority.The reconstruction of the Kantian concept of self-discipline based on the hierarchy of interests provides a constructivist interpretation of the principle of justice.In"Political Liberalism",Rawls further demonstrated the principle of justice,and the argumentation of political liberalism was clearly influenced by Hegel and gradually deviated from Kant.Hegel's philosophy provided a systematic framework for Rawls to conceive a theory of justice.Undoubtedly,Rawls'modern freedom theory has become a theory that completely transcends Kantism and Hegelism and provides a reasonable explanation for the stability of democratic constitutional society.
作者
谢常青
张今杰
XIE Changqing;ZHANG Jinjie
出处
《学术月刊》
北大核心
2024年第1期92-101,共10页
Academic Monthly
关键词
罗尔斯
政治正义
基本自由
优先性
Rawls
political justice
fundamental freedoms
priorities
