摘要
高寒草原矿区生态安全问题一直备受关注,开展高寒草原矿区植被生态系统稳定性研究,能够深刻揭示露天采矿活动及其生态修复工程对高寒草原矿区植被生态系统的影响。以祁连山南麓青海木里-聚乎更矿区为研究区,通过分析煤矿开采前至修复完成后2002—2022年共9期Landsat遥感影像,基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据的网格化处理,以NDVI的均值(μ)、均方差(σ)和相对涨落值(δ)3个植被稳定性指数为依据,开展煤矿露天开采与整治修复过程对矿区植被生态系统稳定性的影响研究,揭示煤矿开采前至修复治理后全生命周期矿区植被生态系统变异性与稳定性特征,并对比两次生态修复的效果。结果表明:①矿区天然草地背景区植被生态系统处于宏观稳定状态,NDVI相对涨落值δ<0.45;②与天然草地背景区相比,煤矿开采后矿区NDVI相对涨落值明显增加,与背景区阈值的差值可达0.97,说明矿区植被生态系统失稳;③2015—2017年第一次修复治理后,矿区NDVI相对涨落值未能有效降低,该值范围为0.28~1.10,覆土+人工建植在高寒草原矿区修复效果不显著;④2020—2022年第二次修复治理后,矿区植被生态系统稳定性明显改善,治理区NDVI相对涨落值降低至与天然草地背景区相似水平(0.07~0.59),矿区植被生态系统稳定性排序为矿区坑底平台>矿区矿坑斜坡>矿区渣山;⑤土壤改良显著提高了各地形条件下植被生态系统的稳定性,促进植被正向演替,地形是影响矿区植被生态恢复的主要因子,可通过优化矿区渣山与阴坡斜坡的治理措施来进一步提升矿山受损植被生态系统的恢复效率。研究成果可为我国高寒草原矿区的资源合理开发和生态建设提供科学依据。
The ecological security issues in alpine grassland mining areas have always been of great concern.Conducting research on the stability of vegetation ecosystems in alpine grassland mining areas can deeply reveal the impact of open-pit mining activities and ecological restoration projects on the vegetation ecosystems in alpine grassland mining areas.Taking the Qinghai Muli-Juhugeng mining area at the southern foot of the Qilian Mountains as the research area,a total of nine Landsat remote sensing images from 2002-2022 were analyzed from before coal mining to after restoration.Grid processing was based on normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)data,with NDVI mean(μ)、mean square deviation(σ)and relative fluctuations(δ).Based on three vegetation stability indices,a study was conducted on the impact of open-pit coal mining and remediation processes on the stability of alpine grassland vegetation ecosystems in mining areas.The study revealed the variability and stability characteristics of alpine grassland vegetation ecosystems throughout the entire life cycle from coal mining to remediation,and compared the effectiveness of two ecological remediation processes.The higher the relative fluctuation value,the more unstable the vegetation ecosystem is.If the relative fluctuation value continues to exceed the background threshold,the vegetation ecosystem is unstable.The results are as follows:(1)The vegetation system in the natural grassland background area of the mining area is in a macro stable state,with the NDVI relative fluctuation valueδ<0.45;(2)Compared with the background area,the relative fluctuation of NDVI in the mining area has significantly increased after coal mining,with a difference of up to 0.97 compared to the background area,indicating the instability of the vegetation ecosystem in the mining area;(3)After the first restoration and control in 2015-2017,the relative fluctuation of NDVI in the mining area is not effectively reduced by 0.28<δ<1.10,and the restoration effect of soil covering and ar
作者
陈峰
杨利亚
冯海波
周建伟
熊瑞民
朱怡
CHEN Feng;YANG Liya;FENG Haibo;ZHOU Jianwei;XIONG Ruimin;ZHU Yi(l.School of Envirommental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Ef fects and Systematic Restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China;School of Geography and Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Institute of Geological Survey,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;School of Arts and Communication,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《安全与环境工程》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期291-300,共10页
Safety and Environmental Engineering
基金
自然资源部矿山生态效应与系统修复重点实验室开放基金项目(MEER-2022-04)。
关键词
高寒草地
植被生态系统稳定性
时空数据序列分析
植被归一化指数
相对涨落值
木里-聚乎更矿区
alpine meadow
stability of vegetation ecosystem
analysis of spatiotemporal data series
normal-ized difference vegetation index
relative fluctuation
Muli-Juhugeng mining area
