摘要
文章通过对各类历史文献、实测数据及工匠访谈资料的梳理,系统剖析了广东地区营造用尺的尺长范围及分布规律,将广东地区的各类营造用尺划分为粤地闽尺(29.4~30.0 cm)、粤地赣尺(35.0~38.0 cm)、粤尺(31.5~32.0 cm)三类,并探讨了用尺过程中的一些换算关系和特殊尺法。在此基础上,结合度量衡史、移民史、文化地理学相关研究,对粤地三大尺簇的源流及分布演化加以考证、解读,认为粤地闽尺源于唐大尺,是闽系乡土营造尺在粤地的延伸;粤地赣尺源于清代裁衣市尺,与赣系乡土营造尺中的“赣大尺”同源;粤尺则源于宋明营造官尺,蕴含了粤地相对正式和官方的营造话语。对粤地乡土营造尺的流布分析显示,尺系与文化传播线路具有高度关联性,尺缘与语缘、血缘类似,是传统营造分区的重要考量因素之一。
Based on historical documents,field data,and interviews with craftsmen,this article analyses the length range and distribution of construction rulers in Guangdong Province.It categorises the construction rulers in Guangdong into three clusters:Min(Fujian)ruler in the Yue(Guangdong)region(29.4–30.0 cm),Gan(Jiangxi)ruler in the Yue region(35.0–38.0 cm),and Yue ruler(31.5–32.0 cm).It then investigates the conversion and specialised measuring techniques of these ruler clusters in construction practices.Drawing from the history of weights and measures,migration history,and cultural geography,the article further examines the origins,distributions,and evolutions of the three ruler clusters in Guangdong.It concludes that the Min ruler in the Yue region is an extension of the Min region’s ruler pedigree and originates from the large ruler emplored in the Tang Dynasty(618–907 CE).Similarly,the Gan ruler in the Yue region can be traced back to the tailors’market ruler(shichi)in the Qing Dynasty(1644–1911)and shares its origin with the‘large Gan ruler’of the Gan region’s ruler pedigree.The Yue ruler originates from the official construction rulers during the Song and Ming dynasties(960–1644 CE),conveying relatively formal and official discourses research of construction rulers’dissemination and differentiation in Guangdong reveals a strong correlation between ruler pedigree and cultural transmissions.Similar to language or bloodline relationships,the ties among vernacular construction rulers are a significant factor in the zoning of traditional Chinese construction techniques.
作者
李浈
张之秋
Li Zhen;Zhang Zhiqiu(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)
出处
《建筑遗产》
2023年第3期50-61,共12页
Heritage Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金(52278040)。
关键词
粤尺
营造尺
乡尺
尺系
尺簇
Yue ruler
construction ruler
vernacular ruler
ruler pedigree
ruler cluster
