摘要
辣木作为我国卫生部批准的新资源食品之一,其叶具有重要的食用和药用价值,在防治糖尿病及其并发症方面具有显著效果。该文概述了辣木叶在动物、细胞实验以及临床研究中的显著抗糖尿病效果,并进一步对辣木叶具体活性成分(黄酮类、多糖类和蛋白类等)在改善胰岛素抵抗、保护胰岛细胞、抑制肝脏糖异生、促进肝糖原合成、增强抗氧化作用以及降低血脂和胆固醇等方面的调控效果及其作用机制进行阐述。对已报道相关文献进行整合分析可知,辣木叶抗糖尿病作用可通过改善胰岛功能、调控肠道功能和肝糖代谢3条作用途径实现。其中,辣木叶中所含黄酮类活性成分或是其降糖优势成分,能够显著增加胰岛素分泌量、促进β细胞的增殖和阻止β细胞的调亡作用,抗糖尿病效果显著;同时,辣木叶中所含多糖类或蛋白类活性成分能够通过改善葡萄糖耐受量、增强胰岛素敏感性、促进肝糖原合成、抑制肝糖原分解等方式,最终达到辅助降糖目的。未来需要进一步明确辣木叶中的降糖优势成分及其降糖机制,以期为天然降糖药物的开发和辣木资源的高值化利用提供参考。
Moringa oleifera is one of the new resource foods approved by the Ministry of Health in China.Its leaves have important edible and medicinal values and have significant effects in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications.The significant anti-diabetic effects of M.oleifera leaves in animal,cell,and clinical studies were described.Furthermore,the regulatory effects and mechanisms of specific active components(flavonoids,polysaccharides,and proteins,etc.)of M.oleifera leaves on improving insulin resistance,protecting isletβ-cells,inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis,promoting hepatic glycogen synthesis,enhancing antioxidant effect,and reducing blood lipids and cholesterol were further elaborated.According to the integrated analysis of relevant literature,the anti-diabetic effect of M.oleifera leaves could be achieved through three action pathways,including improving islet function,regulating intestinal function,and liver glucose metabolism.The flavonoids contained in M.oleifera leaves or its hypoglycemic dominant components could significantly increase insulin secretion,promote the proliferation ofβcells,and prevent the apoptosis ofβcells,showing a significant anti-diabetes effect.At the same time,the polysaccharides or protein active components contained in M.oleifera leaves could ultimately achieve the purpose of helping to reduce glucose by improving glucose tolerance,enhancing insulin sensitivity,promoting liver glycogen synthesis,and inhibiting liver glycogenolysis.In the future,it is necessary to further clarify the hypoglycemic dominant components in M.oleifera leaves and their hypoglycemic mechanisms,which could provide a reference for the development of natural hypoglycemic drugs and the high-value utilization of M.oleifera leaves resources.
作者
张世奇
徐嘉洛
杨晓东
陈金梅
封超运
王标诗
ZHANG Shiqi;XU Jialuo;YANG Xiaodong;CHEN Jinmei;FENG Chaoyun;WANG Biaoshi(College of Food Science and Engineering,Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,China;Guangdong Moringa Resources Development and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center/Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,China)
出处
《食品与发酵工业》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期374-382,共9页
Food and Fermentation Industries
基金
广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515010360)
岭南师范学院人才专项(ZL1817)。
关键词
糖尿病
辣木叶
抗糖尿病机制
活性成分
胰岛素
diabetes mellitus
Moringa oleifera leaves
anti-diabetic mechanism
active ingredient
insulin
