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铁路地质灾害勘察识别与监测预警 被引量:2

Survey,Identification,Monitoring and Early Warning of Railway Geological Disasters
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摘要 地质灾害对铁路建设、安全运营构成了极大威胁,“天空地”一体化综合勘察技术有效解决了地质灾害勘察识别难题。“天”基多源立体卫星遥感技术实现艰险复杂山区地质灾害的大范围精准判识,长时序InSAR与高精度GPS实现高陡岸坡的稳定性监测分析;“空”基真实感大场景、机载倾斜摄影和机载LiDAR扫描技术实现高植被覆盖区隐蔽性地质灾害判识;“地”基三维立体勘探技术获取岩土体结构、属性、参数;共同构建沟谷山地灾害链风险评价方案,为建设工程合理选址和工程设置提供依据。介绍地质灾害监测预警的方法、内容、技术和预警模型,对监测预警技术发展方向进行展望。 Geological disasters pose a great threat to railway construction and safe operation,and the “space-airground” integrated comprehensive survey technology has effectively solved the problem of geological disaster survey and identification.“Space-based” multi-source stereosat remote sensing technology realizes large-scale accurate identification of geological disasters in challenging mountain areas,and long time-series InSAR and high-precision GPS realize stability monitoring and analysis of high and steep bank slopes;“air-based” realistic large scene,airborne oblique photography and airborne LiDAR scanning technologies realize hidden geological disasters identification in high vegetation coverage areas;“ground-based” three-dimensional stereoscopic exploration prospecting obtains the structure,attributes and parameters of rock and soil masses;a risk assessment scheme for gully and mountain disaster chain is established to provide basis for reasonable site selection and engineering setting of construction projects.This paper introduces the methods,contents,technologies and models of monitoring and early warning for geological disasters,and looks forward to the development direction of monitoring and early warning technology.
作者 孟祥连 李兴龙 MENG Xianglian;LI Xinglong(China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an Shaanxi 710043,China)
出处 《中国铁路》 北大核心 2024年第1期21-29,共9页 China Railway
基金 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2301302、2021YFB2300502)。
关键词 复杂艰险山区 地质灾害 “天空地”综合勘察 山地灾害链 监测预警 challenging mountain areas geological disasters “space-air-ground”comprehensive survey mountain disaster chain monitoring and early warning
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