基于综合难度系数模型的高考数学试题评析——以2021—2023年全国甲卷为例

An Evaluation Research of College Entrance Examination Questions of Mathematics Based on Comprehensive Difficulty Coefficient Model-Taking the National Volume A from 2021 to 2023 as an Example

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摘要试题综合难度是评价试题质量的重要指标。基于数学试题综合难度系数模型,从情境、参数、运算水平、推理能力、思维方向、知识含量、认知水平、阅读量8个因素,对2021—2023年高考全国甲卷6套数学试题进行编码统计与分析,结果发现:在情境、参数、思维方向、知识含量4个因素上,6套试题难度一致性较好;在认知水平、推理能力、运算水平和阅读量4个因素上,6套试题难度有所波动;文科卷各难度因素水平整体低于理科卷;高考数学试题对认知水平、运算水平和阅读量提出了较高要求,对思维方向、情境的考查有待进一步加强。建议重视数学思维素养的考查,提升设问的可操作性;适当增加现实情境和科学情境的考查,创新情境呈现方式;重视数学阅读能力的考查,丰富试题结构。 The comprehensive difficulty of test items is an important index to evaluate the quality of test items.Based on the comprehensive difficulty coefficient model framework of mathematics questions,from the eight factors of situation,parameter,operation level,reasoning ability,thinking direction,knowledge content,cognitive level and reading amount,the code statistics and analysis of 6 sets of mathematics questions in the national volume A of college entrance examination from 2021 to 2023 are carried out.The results show that:in the four factors of situation,parameter,direction of thinking and knowledge content,the difficulty of the 6 sets of test items is consistent;in the cognitive level,reasoning ability,arithmetic level and reading amount,the difficulty of the 6 test items fluctuated;the level of difficulty factors of the liberal arts paper is lower than that of the science paper;the mathematics test in the college entrance examination puts forward higher requirements for cognition level,operation level and reading amount,and the examination of thinking direction and situation needs to be strengthened.It is suggested that we should pay more attention to the examination of mathematical thinking quality and improve the operability of questioning;appropriately increase the examination of realistic situation and scientific situation,and innovate the way of situation presentation;pay attention to the examination of mathematics reading ability,enrich the structure design of the test item.

作者文尚平杨璧华 WEN Shangping;YANG Bihua

机构地区西北师范大学教师教育学院南宁市第二中学

出处《教育测量与评价》 2024年第1期97-112,共16页 Educational Measurement and Evaluation

基金南宁市“十四五”教育科学规划课题“深度教学视域下初中数学单元教学设计研究”(2022C398) 广西教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度高考综合改革专项重大课题“基于高考综合改革背景下的普通高中教育教学评价体系的建构与实施——以南宁为例”(2021ZJY1709)的研究成果。

关键词高考数学试题综合难度一致性分析试题评析 mathematics test in the college entrance examination comprehensive difficulty of test items consistency analysis evaluation research of examination questions

分类号 G632.474 [文化科学—教育学]