摘要
双墩文化是一支分布于淮河中游地区、独具特色的新石器时代考古学文化,其年代跨度约为7500—7000BP,本文通过对禹会村遗址出土动物骨骼开展碳、氮稳定同位素分析,探讨该遗址的家畜饲养策略。结果显示,禹会村遗址猪群的稳定同位素值整体上反映出以C_3类植物为主的食物结构特征,与大、中型鹿科动物比较相似。虽然动物考古的相关分析表明遗址的猪群是以家猪为主,伴有少量野猪、返野家猪等,但猪群个体之间的稳定同位素值很相似,反映了相近的食物结构。植物考古的研究表明,禹会村遗址及所在地区,在双墩文化时期以采集为主,辅以小规模的水稻种植。在这种背景下,禹会村遗址的古人对家猪采取较为松散的管理方式,其食物主要来自于自然环境。禹会村、侯家寨一期和双墩三处遗址的猪群,整体上的食物结构比较相似,但双墩遗址中3例以C_4类植物为食的猪可能非本地饲养。双墩遗址作为一处中心型聚落,其在外来稀有资源的占有上优于另外两处遗址,这也反映了这一时期随着文化的交流、社会发展,聚落间的差异和分化逐渐显现。
The Shuangdun Culture, which existed from 7500 to 7000 BP, was primarily located along the middle Huai River valley. This study focused on analyzing animal bones from the Yuhuicun site, by using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to understand the livestock husbandry strategy of the culture. The results revealed that most of the Sus species had diets based on C_3 plants, similar to the diets of large-and middle-sized deer. Zooarchaeological investigations suggested that domestic pigs were the predominant group,although some wild and feral pigs were also present. However, there were no significant differences detected regarding diet among the Sus population. Archaeobotanical studies indicated that the residents of Yuhuicun and the surrounding region primarily relied on gathering, with rice cultivation being limited in scale.Consequently, it was hypothesized that domestic pigs at Yuhuicun were managed loosely and fed with wild plants. A comparison of pig husbandry strategies among Yuhuicun, Houjiazhai, and Shuangdun sites revealed that pigs from all three archaeological sites had similar diets. Additionally, three individuals with a C_4-based diet were identified as being introduced from an outside source. As Shuangdun was a central settlement in the area, it is likely that the people there had priority access to introduced food sources. This differentiation in diet is indicative of varying settlement patterns during this time period.
出处
《中原文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期56-65,共10页
Cultural Relics of Central China
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“动物考古学视角下辽西地区夏家店下层文化时期的生业研究”(批准号:22BKG037)
辽宁省文化名家暨“四个一批”人才项目(编号:XLYC2210056)的阶段性成果。
关键词
双墩文化
禹会村遗址
稳定同位素
生业经济
淮河中游
Shuangdun Culture
Yuhuicun site
Stable isotope
Subsistence economy
The middle Huai River valley
