摘要
大气氮沉降对全球生物多样性和生态系统功能构成严重威胁。过去50多年,由于减排措施的实施,欧美国家率先出现大面积区域的氮沉降降低,中国从2010年开始趋于稳定,氮沉降的未来变化趋势可能因全球各地而异。本研究采用文献检索方法和综合分析方法,综述了国内外氮沉降恢复的方法,分析了森林生态系统土壤(酸化和溶液化学)、结构(植被-微生物多样性)与功能(生产力和碳吸存)对氮沉降降低的响应。随着氮沉降的降低,植被物种组成、土壤微生物群落和土壤过程可能恢复缓慢,而一些土壤参数(如pH、硝酸盐和铵浓度等)对氮输入减少的响应相对较快。当氮沉降降低时,可在某种程度上减轻土壤酸化,促进树木生长,但也可能因环境氮沉降速率依然很高并保持土壤酸化,林木的活力仍在恶化。植被多样性的恢复可能存在恢复障碍并在短期内难以维持富营养化的恢复,但促进了贫营养型物种的增加。森林生态系统恢复响应对减排政策存在延迟,且氮沉降增加存在遗留效应,致恢复相当缓慢,但恢复只是时间问题。因此,高氮负荷生态系统的恢复是一个长期缓慢的过程,进一步加强减排尤为重要。
Atmospheric nitrogen(N)deposition is a global threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function.Since emission controls,N deposition has decreased or stabilized in European and North America,and China began to be stabilized in 2010.The future trajectory of N deposition may differ by regions.In this study,literature retrieval and extensive analytic methods were used to analyze N deposition recovery.The reaction of the forest ecosystem’s soil(acidification and solution chemistry),structure(vegetation-microbial diversity),and function(productivity and carbon sequestration)to decreasing N deposition was studied.Soil solution chemistry(e.g.,nitrate and ammonium concentrations,etc.)may responded very rapidly to reducing N input,whereas plant species composition,soil microbial communities,and soil processes may be slow in recovery.When N deposition is controlled,soil acidification can be reduced,and tree growth can be promoted.It is also possible that the vitality of plant may still deteriorating and soil acidity persists due to high rate of atmospheric N deposition.Restoration of plant diversity may face potential barriers to recovery and maintain eutrophication in the short term,but it supports the rise of species in a nutrient-poor.The response of forest ecosystem restoration to emission reduction strategies is delayed.The legacy of earlier N deposition result in a slow recovery,but recovery is simply a matter of time.Therefore,recovery from high N loads is a long and sluggish process,and further emission reduction efforts is still needed in the future.
作者
沈芳芳
王彬宇
姚必达
莫明敏
廖迎春
房焕英
邹显花
刘文飞
袁颖红
樊后保
SHEN Fangfang;WANG Binyu;YAO Bida;MO Mingmin;LIAO Yingchun;FANG Huanying;ZOU Xianhua;LIU Wenfei;YUAN Yinghong;FAN Houbao(Key Laboratory of Degraded Ecosystem Restoration and Watershed Ecological Hydrology,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Water Engineering in Poyang Lake Basin,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,Jiangxi,China)
出处
《浙江农林大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期211-222,共12页
Journal of Zhejiang A&F University
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31960308,32160361)
江西省教育厅计划项目(GJJ201906)
江西省科技厅自然科学基金资助项目(20224BAB205049,20232ACB205007)
南昌工程学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202311319003,202211319003)。
关键词
氮沉降降低
高氮负荷
森林生态系统
森林恢复
土壤酸化
生物多样性
decreasing nitrogen deposition
high nitrogen loads
forest ecosystem
forest recovery
soil acidification
biodiversity
