摘要
为缓解冬季低温不足对南方李(Prunus salicina Lindl.)生产的影响,选育低需冷量、优质李新品种,本研究以早熟、低需冷量的品种三月李为材料,选取其成熟1年生的枝条进行^(60)Co-γ辐射(50 Gy),再取单芽嫁接到3年生毛桃上,在嫁接植株中发现一株果实色泽、成熟期均发生明显变异的突变体,命名为福红。为探究福红与三月李在形态特征、生物学特性、品质特性、抗病性和产量等方面的差异,评价福红的品质和优势,通过表型观察、品质分析、分子进行了鉴定。发现福红保留了三月李低需冷量的特性,但果皮、果肉色泽均突变为紫红色,成熟期推迟约40 d。单果质量增大2.67倍,极显著高于三月李(P<0.01);可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比均极显著高于三月李(P<0.01)。在福建3个生态区的试种结果表明,福红丰产性好,结果性能稳定,产量高于三月李。综上,李新品种福红虽成熟期推迟,但保留了三月李需冷量低的特性,且果实红皮红肉、果个大、可溶性固形物含量高,品质更优,具有较好的市场推广前景。
In order to alleviate the effects of insufficient chilling on abnormal flower bud differentiation in plum which was common in the main plum producing areas in southern China,breeding new varieties of plum with high quality was an urgent need.Sanyueli(Prunus salicina L.),which had the characteristics of early-maturing and low-chilling-requirement,was selected as the material.The annual branches of Sanyueli were chosen for Cobalt 60-ray(^(60)Co-γ)irradiation(50 Gy),and then single-bud was grafted on the branch of 3-year-old peach(Prunus persica L.).Among the grafted seedlings,a mutant with obvious variation in color and maturity stage was obtained.It was finally named Fuhong.To evaluate the quality and advantages of Fuhong and breed new varieties,the differences between Fuhong and Sanyueli in morphological characteristics,biological characteristics,quality characteristics,disease resistance,and yield were compared through phenotypic observation,quality analysis and molecular identification.The results showed that Fuhong retained the characteristic of low-chilling-requirement of Sanyueli.Furthermore,its color of peel and flesh were mutated into purple red,and the maturity period was delayed about 40 d.The weight of single fruit of Fuhong increased by 2.67 times,which was significantly higher than that of Sanyueli(P<0.01);and the content of soluble solid,the ratio of sugar to acid were also significantly higher than those of Sanyueli(P<0.01).The regional test in three ecological areas of Fujian showed that Fuhong had excellent and stable yield performance,higher than that of Sanyueli.This new plum variety Fuhong had the advantages of low-chilling-requirement,red flesh,large fruit weight,high sweetness and better quality.It would be preferable in market promotion.
作者
周丹蓉
叶新福
方智振
林炎娟
陈文光
ZHOU Danrong;YE Xinfu;FANG Zhizhen;LIN Yanjuan;CHEN Wenguang(Fruit Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期2317-2326,共10页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
福建省公益类科研院所专项(2020R10280016)
福建省科技厅对外合作项目(2021I0033)
福建省级种质资源保护单位建设专项(ZYBHDWZX202206)
5511协同创新工程(KXXYJBG2021006)。
关键词
李
辐射诱变
新品种
福红
优质
plum
radiation mutagenesis
new cultivar
Fuhong
high quality
