摘要
苹果属观赏海棠是北方增彩延绿推广的重要树种之一,扩繁方式以嫁接为主。为探究北方观赏海棠嫁接方法与嫁接时间对成活率的影响。试验以盆栽平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis var.mengshanensis)为砧木,粉手帕海棠(Malus'Hopa')为接穗,选用8种嫁接方式,以不同嫁接方法、春夏秋季为变量,对观赏海棠嫁接成活率进行了比较分析。结果表明:春季以劈接、切贴接、合接成活率最高;夏季以“T”形芽接、嵌芽接、方块芽接成活率最高;秋季以嵌芽接成活率最高。并初步探索了4种嫁接方式在不同月份对海棠成活率影响,以及不同嫁接方式对观赏海棠生长节律的影响。劈接方法,最佳嫁接时机是春季3~4月份;插皮接方法,最佳嫁接时机是4、9、10月份;嵌芽接最佳嫁接时机是5、9、10月份;采方块芽接最佳时机是6、9、10月份。而选择不同嫁接方法对于苗木的最终总体生长量差异不大,但不同嫁接方法在生长期的生长速率变化不尽相同。
Ornamental crabapple is one of the important tree species in the Coloring and Greening Project in northern China,and its main propagation method is grafting.The object of the study is to explore the influence of grafting time and methods commonly used in northern China on ornamental crabapple survival rates.The experiments were performed with potted Pingyi sweet tea(Malus hupehensis var.mengshanensis)as the rootstock and pink handkerchief begonia(Malus'Hopa')as the scion.Eight grafting methods were selected,and the success rates were compared and analyzed by different methods in spring,summer and autumn.The results generally indicated that in spring,the survival rate could reach the highest with the method of cleft grafting,cut-splice grafting,whip and tongue grafting;in summer,with t-bud grafting,plate budding and patch budding;while in autumn,with plate budding.The study also provided a preliminary exploration of the effects of four grafting methods on the survival rates of ornamental crabapple in different months and on the growth rhythms of them.The results showed that the best time for cleft grafting was from March to April;for splice grafting April,September and October;for plate budding May,September and October;while for patch budding June,September and October.The selections of grafting methods do not have great influences on the overall growth of the seedlings,although the growth rates differ with each grafting methods during the growth periods.
作者
李剑雄
魏晓菲
吴博威
赵志奇
周渭栋
徐小云
Li Jianxiong;Wei Xiaofei;Wu Bowei;Zhao Zhiqi;Zhou Weidong;Xu Xiaoyun(Beijing Taoranting Park Management Office,Beijing 100050,China;Datong GardensVirescence Service Center,Datong,Shanxi 037000,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2023年第21期79-83,87,共6页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
基金
2023年北京市公园管理中心科研课题项目(编号:zx2023016)。
关键词
观赏海棠
嫁接
节律
Ornamental Crabapple
grafting
growth rhythms
