摘要
为探明铸造车间内非球形颗粒在工人呼吸道内沉积的动力学特性,借助电镜扫描获得粉尘颗粒的微观形貌,通过数值模拟方法分析5种形状颗粒在G3~G6及G9~G12呼吸道内运动规律,并讨论颗粒形状、呼吸量、颗粒粒径对其沉积分布的影响.结果表明,颗粒的形状因子φ越大、粒径越大、呼气量越大,非球形颗粒在呼吸道内沉积率ηt越高;φ越小,非球形颗粒在G3~G6呼吸道内沉积分布越分散,在G9~G12呼吸道内则相反;非球形颗粒在G3~G6呼吸道内主要因惯性碰撞发生沉积,φ越小的颗粒受到的曳力作用越强,不同形状颗粒间沉积率差异明显胜于其在G9~G12呼吸道,局部沉积率差异更是超过了30%.因此,形状因子小的非球形颗粒更易被输运至呼吸道较深的位置,对工人的健康威胁可能性更大.
In order to investigate the dynamic characteristics of non-spherical particles from the casting workshops deposited in the respiratory tract of workers,the microscopic morphology of dust particles was obtained by using electron microscopy scanning,the movement patterns of five non-spherical particles in the respiratory tract of G3~G6 and G9~G12 were analyzed by numerical simulations,and the effects of particle shape,respiratory volume,and particle size on deposition distribution of particles were discussed.The results showed that the larger the particle shape factorφ,the particle size or the expiratory volume was,the higher the deposition rate of particlesηt in the respiratory tract was.The smaller the particle shape factorφwas,the more dispersed the deposition distribution of particles in the G3~G6 airways was,and the opposite phenomenon appeared in the G9~G12 airways.Non-spherical particles in the G3~G6 airways were deposited mainly by inertial collisions,and were more strongly obstructed.The difference of deposition efficiency between particles with different shapes was significantly greater than that in the G9~G12 airways,and the difference of local deposition rates was more than 30%.Therefore,non-spherical particles with small shape factors were more likely to be transported to deeper locations in the respiratory tract,posing a greater health risk to workers.
作者
庄加玮
陈庚阳
杨如梦
郭张辉
刘恩海
刁永发
沈恒根
ZHUANG Jia-wei;CHEN Geng-yang;YANG Ru-meng;GUO Zhang-hui;LIU En-hai;DIAO Yong-fa;SHEN Heng-gen(School of Urban Construction,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering,and School of Energy,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China)
出处
《中国环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期520-527,共8页
China Environmental Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0705305)。
关键词
职业卫生
呼吸道
铸造车间
颗粒形状
沉积率
数值模拟
occupational hygiene
respiratory tract
casting workshop
particle shape
deposition efficiency
numerical simulation
