摘要
方言岛是一种语言现象,其形成多与移民有关。20世纪五六十年代,山东农民因支边垦荒移民东北人口达百万之多,大部分来自鲁西南地区,于是在东北地区特别是在黑龙江境内形成了众多的移民聚居群落。由于这些群落内部通行鲁西南方言,在地理上呈点状分布并在一定区域内聚集,因此形成了方言岛群。当地群众把方言岛内的方言称之为支边户土话。从语音、词汇、语法三方面看,该方言依然保留了典型的鲁西南方言特征,属于中原官话。半个多世纪以来,第一代移民渐渐老去,从第二代移民开始多已改用东北方言,这表明东北的支边户方言岛实际上处于濒危状态。面对方言岛的语言生态问题,应采用技术手段对其语料进行系统整理和采集,建立方言有声档案,典藏于后世。
Dialect island is a linguistic phenomenon,and its formation is mostly related to immigration.In the last century,farmers of Shandong migrated to the northeast as many as one million due to the reclama-tion of the frontier.Most of them came from the southwest of Shandong,and a large number of immigrant communities were formed in the northeast,especially in Heilongjiang.As the dialects of the southwest of Shandong are widely used in these communities,they are geographically distributed in spots and gather in certain areas,thus forming dialect island groups.Judging from the characteristics of pronunciation,vocabu-lary and grammar,the dialect still retains the typical characteristics of Southwest Shandong dialect,which belongs to Zhongyuan mandarin.For more than half a century,the first generation of immigrants have gradually aged,and since the second generation of immigrants,most of them have switched to speak the Northeast dialect,which indicates that the dialect islands in the Northeast are actually in an endangered state,and they will soon die out.Facing the language ecological problems of dialect island,we should adopt technical means to systemically sort out and collect its language materials,establish dialect audio files,and store them for future generations.
作者
欧阳国亮
OUYANG Guoiang(Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang 110035,China)
出处
《通化师范学院学报》
2024年第1期44-50,共7页
Journal of Tonghua Normal University
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“幽燕长城地带北方话的汉儿言语底层研究”(2013YY051)
辽宁省社会科学基金重点项目“民国时期有声影像资料中东北方言语料的数字化整理与研究”(L20AYY005)。
关键词
东北地区
移民
中原官话
方言岛
语言生态
Northeast China
immigration
Zhongyuan mandarin
dialect island
linguistic ecology
