摘要
党的二十大报告指出,中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。推动共同富裕取得实质性进展也成为未来经济社会发展的重要战略目标。本文构建包含高、低受教育程度劳动者的量化空间一般均衡模型,分析提升教育程度和提高职业技能两类政策对于收入不平等的影响。结果表明,政策对于收入不平等的影响可以拆分为3个渠道:不同类型群体的数量比例、工资差距大小的变化及劳动者的地区间配置。在这3种因素的综合作用下,提高低受教育群体教育水平的政策能够不断扩大中等收入群体,收入不平等最终得到改善。提升低受教育群体职业技能的政策则主要通过提高低收入群体技能溢价缩小两类人群的工资差距,促使收入不平等状态持续改善。更换高、低教育程度划分标准、改变生产效率溢出效应系数相对大小、引入两类人群的劳动可替代性差异、引入资本等均不会影响结论。本文为收入分配和技能溢价领域的研究提供了更丰富的视角,也为现实经济中政策成效的评估及共同富裕战略的深入实施提供了理论参考。
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that Chinese modernization is a modernization of common prosperity for all.Achieving substantial progress in common prosperity has also become an important strategic goal for the future economic and social development.By constructing a quantitative spatial general equilibrium model incorporating workers with varying educational levels,this paper examines the influence of two policies-increasing educational attainment and enhancing vocational skills-on income inequality.The results show that the impact of policies on income inequality could be divided into three channels:the proportion of workers with differing education levels,the skill premium between them,and the inter-regional allocation of the labor quantity and average income.Through these channels,enhancing the educational attainment of the low-educated group could continuously expand the middle-income group and ultimately achieve the improvement of income distribution.Strengthening vocational skills training of the low-educated group could increase the skill premium for the low-income group,and then narrow the wage gap between the two groups,thereby improving the status quo of income distribution.The conclusion remains unchanged in the robustness test involving the replacement of the educational grouping criteria,the change of efficiency spillover coefficient,and the introduction of variations in the substitutability of the two types of labor.This paper offers a more comprehensive perspective on the research in the field of income distribution and skill premium,and also provides theoretical reference for the evaluation of policy effectiveness and the in-depth implementation of the common prosperity strategy.
作者
周慧珺
傅春杨
龚六堂
Zhou Huijun;Fu Chunyang;Gong Liutang(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;School of Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;Guanghua School of Management,Peking University;School of Economics,Beijing Technology and Business University)
出处
《管理世界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期38-60,共23页
Journal of Management World
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“实质性减税降费与经济高质量发展研究”(基金号:19ZDA069)
国家自然科学基金青年项目“量化空间一般均衡模型框架下的地区公共服务支出配置与区域不平等问题研究”(基金号:72203229)
中国社会科学院青年启动项目“公共服务支出的地区间配置与区域不平等问题研究”(基金号:2023YQNQD026)的资助。
关键词
受教育程度
职业技能
收入分配
共同富裕
education level
vocational skill
income distribution
common prosperity
