摘要
强制追加共同原告制度与当事人处分权原则的精神相悖,制度设计上缺乏内部自洽和程序控制,在解释论上陷入维持固有必要共同诉讼中诉讼共同必要性与强化拒绝起诉人实现参加诉讼效果的两难抉择。实践考察方面,该制度的程序机制运行不畅,问题丛生,具体表现在制度设置的除外事由单一、制度适用的效果不理想等。域外处理机制方面,对于是否采取强制追加共同原告的做法,不同国家或地区存在重大分歧:肯定者认为原告方当事人适格要件是不可或缺的;否定者则认为原告方当事人适格要件并不具有实质性意义,实现参加诉讼的效果才是至关重要的。事实上,我国现有的强制追加共同原告制度存在重大缺陷且无法通过零碎化修补达致完善,应当予以摒弃。于此,可行的举措应为限缩原告方固有必要共同诉讼的范围、摒弃强制追加共同原告的制度性选择。更为重要的是,应由“强制追加共同原告”模式向“多元化处理”模式转变,调整拒绝起诉人的诉讼地位,区分不同的类型分别列其为辅助参加人、被告或第三人,将其拉进诉讼并承受裁判结果的一定拘束效力。
The system of compulsory additional common plaintiff is contrary to the spirit of the disposition principle,lacking of internal self-consistent and procedural control in system design.In terms of interpretive theory,it is caught in the dilemma of maintaining the common necessity of litigation in inherently necessary joint litigation versus strengthening the effect of refusing to prosecute a person to achieve participation in the litigation.In practice,the procedural mechanism of the system is not operating smoothly and problems are numerous.Specifically,the exclusions of the system setting are single,and the application effect of the system is not ideal.In terms of extraterritorial processing mechanism,there is a major disagreement in different countries or regions as to whether to adopt the mandatory addition of joint plaintiff:Those who affirm that the plaintiff’s eligibility requirements are indispensable,while those who deny that the plaintiff’s eligibility requirements do not have substantive significance,and it is essential to realize the effect of participating in litigation.As a matter of fact,It can be seen that the major deficiencies of the existing system cannot be repaired by fragmentation,and should be discarded.Therefore,the feasible measures should be to limit the scope of the plaintiff's inherent necessary joint litigation and abandon the institutional choice of compulsory addition of co-plaintiffs.More importantly,it should be changed from the“mandatory additional common plaintiff”model to the“diversified treatment”model.It means to adjust the litigation status of the person who refuses to prosecute and listing him or her as an auxiliary participant,a defendant or a third party,depending on the type of situation.Ultimately,he or she is made to take part in the proceedings and is bound by the outcome of the court’s decision.
出处
《深圳社会科学》
2024年第1期77-87,共11页
Social Sciences in Shenzhen
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“个人信息有序共享的刑民一体化保护研究”(20CFX027)。
关键词
强制追加共同原告
固有必要共同诉讼
拒绝起诉人
参加诉讼
compulsory additional common plaintiff
inherently necessary joint litigation
refusal to prosecute
participate in litigation
