摘要
在流行的“少年中国”说、“青春中华”观、家庭革命论等因素推动下,1931年国民政府批准设立了“四四”儿童节。受节日纪念主旨的影响,儿童节成为国民政府向家庭宣传、普及育儿知识的特殊渠道。官方希望家长掌握科学教养方法,尽可能给予儿童良好的物质和教育条件,为培养“德、智、体”全面发展的“小国民”目标服务。在此要求下,家庭成为兼具抚养、教育儿童双重职能的场域。与此同时,政府还试图通过节日提升儿童的家庭地位、父母与子女的情感联系,从而构建更为“合理”的现代家庭关系。然而,民国时境下大多数家庭实无力落实相关要求,节日活动亦呈现出教育资源的差异化配置现状。这与追求“经济民主”的时代思潮相悖,引发了社会舆论对国民政府的强烈不满。可以说,经由儿童节的纪念宣传,儿童养育由私人家庭事务转为公共政治社会问题,这在加重家庭之于国家责任的同时,也对政府提出了更高的治理期待。
Popular views like“Youth China”and“Found the Children”were jointly contributed to the generation of the Children’s Day.The Children’s Day had become a special channel for the National Government to publicize and popularize child-raising knowledge to families.The government hoped that parents would learn modern scientific parenting methods,provide children with good material and educational conditions as much as possible,and serve the goal of cultivating“junior citizens”with all-round development of“morality,intelligence and physique”.Under this requirement,the family became an institution with both parenting and educational functions.At the same time,the festival also tried to promote children status in family,and develop the emotional relationship between parents and children,so as to build a more“reasonable”modern family relationship.However,many families were unable to shoulder their responsibilities,the effect of the Children Day was that the dominant classes consolidated their social status through the modernity of parenting,which was contrary to the social concept of pursuing fairness and justice.It had aroused strong dissatisfaction with the National Government.The Children Day memorial publicity made upbringing a political act,with both public-private and public-private meaning.It not only increased the responsibility of the family to the state,but also inevitably made the National Government bear more political risks.
作者
任祖凤
REN Zufeng(School of Marxism,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)
出处
《教育学报》
北大核心
2023年第6期182-194,共13页
Journal of Educational Studies
关键词
民国时期
儿童节
“小国民”
家庭教育
儿童养育
the Republic of China era
The Children’s Day
“junior citizens”
family education
rearing
