摘要
锂被认为是21世纪最重要的能源金属之一,在全球减碳的共同目标下,新能源产业快速发展,推动过去3a锂消费量的持续增长,引发国内外对提锂技术的研究热潮。根据锂资源的赋存状态,对矿石提锂及卤水提锂技术进行综述,系统性地总结对比了各种方法的优缺点。从矿石中提取锂的方法主要有石灰石烧结法、硫酸法、硫酸盐法、压煮法、氯化焙烧法、直接酸浸法;卤水提锂中受到广泛关注的技术主要有沉淀法、吸附法、溶剂萃取法、膜分离法、电化学法。由于碳酸锂价格高位回落,国际锂盐获取形势愈加严峻,因此不断开发并完善提锂技术,增强中国的锂资源自供自给能力,实现提锂技术的降本增效势在必行。
Lithium is considered as one of the most important energy metals in the 21st century.Under the common goal of global carbon reduction,the rapid development of new energy industry has promoted the continuous growth of lithium con⁃sumption in the past three years,and triggered a research boom on lithium extraction technology at home and abroad.Ac⁃cording to the occurrence state of lithium resources,the technology of extracting lithium from mineral and brine was summa⁃rized,and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods were systematically summarized and compared.The main methods of extracting lithium from mineral mainly included limestone roasting,sulfuric acid,sulfate roasting,pressure boil⁃ing,chlorination roasting and direct acid leaching.The technologies that had received widespread attention in extracting lithium from brine mainly included precipitation,adsorption,solvent extraction,membrane separation and electrochemistry.The high price of lithium carbonate was fallen,and the international situation of lithium salt acquisition became increas⁃ingly severe.It was imperative to continuously develop and improve the lithium extraction technology,enhance the self⁃suffi⁃ciency of lithium resources,and achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement of lithium extraction technology.
作者
陈海霞
严红
孙云龙
马国强
CHEN Haixia;YAN Hong;SUN Yunlong;MA Guoqiang(Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry,Hangzhou 310023,China)
出处
《无机盐工业》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期9-22,共14页
Inorganic Chemicals Industry
关键词
锂提取
锂矿石
盐湖卤水
分离
lithium extraction
lithium mineral
salt⁃lake brine
separation
