摘要
20世纪20年代初,受国内外形势所迫,日本把向海外移民视为释放社会压力的“解压阀”,将移民重心由北美调转至南美,并将巴西确定为移民首要目的国。为此,日本政府出台了一系列优化移民活动的举措:一方面为海外移民活动提供雄厚的资金支持,补助移民的交通费用,补贴移民公司和轮船公司在招募和运输环节中的花销,并以低息贷款的方式帮助移民在巴西购地置业;另一方面搭建多层次、多渠道的移民输出网络,全力资助海外兴业株式会社,还支持建立了诸多海外协会,成立了海外移住组合。日本政府对巴西移民活动的重心调整和措施优化反映出这一时期日本海外移民思想的根本转变:一是放弃近代以来缺乏计划、目光短浅的契约劳工移民模式,转向精密筹划、注重长效、以定居为目的自耕农移民模式;二是将移民活动与海外投资紧密联系在一起,以此推动日本的殖民扩张和资本扩张。
In the early 1920s,forced by the domestic and foreign situation,Japan regarded overseas migration as a"relief valve"to rclease social pressure.It shifted the focus of migration from North America to South America,and identified Brazil as the primary destination country for emigrants.Japanese government had introduced a series of measures to optimize migration activities:on the one hand,it provided strong financial support for overseas migration activities,subsidized the transportation costs of emigrants,the expenses of migration companies and shipping companies in rcruitment and transportation,and helped cemigrants purchase land and property in Brazil with low-interest loans;on the other hand,it built a multi-level and multi-channel migration export network,fully funded Overseas Development Company Limited,and also supported the esiablishment of many overseas societies and overseas emigration cooperatives.The adjustment and optimization of the Japanesc government's migration activities to Brazil reflected the fundamental change of Japanesc overseas migration thoughts during this period.First,it gave up the haphazard,shortsighted indentured labor migration mode in modern times,and turned to the homesteader migration mode that focused on precise planning,long-term effect,and settlement.Second,it linked the diaspora activities with overseas investment,so as to promote Japan's colonial cxpansion and capital expansion.
出处
《史学月刊》
北大核心
2023年第12期79-90,共12页
Journal of Historical Science
关键词
巴西
日本移民
海外兴业株式会社
海外协会
海外移住组合
Brazil
Japanese Emigrants
Overseas Development Company Limited
Overseas Society
The Overseas Emigration Cooperatives
