摘要
结核病(tuberculosis,TB)是由结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb)感染引起的慢性、消耗性传染病,给人类健康造成严重威胁。卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin,BCG)是由减毒牛型Mtb制成的活菌苗,是唯一批准使用的预防TB疫苗。BCG能够有效预防对婴幼儿具有高致死性的结核性脑膜炎和粟粒性肺结核。但对于儿童和成年人群,BCG提供的保护力有限,且保护效果随着时间的延长而下降。目前针对BCG的改良措施包括改变免疫途径和接种程序,以及研发新的抗TB疫苗。BCG主要用于预防TB以及治疗膀胱癌,同时也有其他适应证。本文从BCG的发展史、改良措施和适应证等方面对BCG最新研究进展作一综述。
Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic and debilitating infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).It is a significant health concern that poses a serious threat to human well-being.Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)is the only approved vaccine for the prevention of TB.BCG is made from attenuated bovine Mtb and is highly effective in preventing tuberculous meningitis and granulomatous TB,which are particularly lethal in infants.However,BCG provides limited protection in both children and adults,and this protective effect decreases over time.Currently,there are ongoing improvements being made to BCG,which involve modifications in immunization routes and procedures.Additionally,researchers are working on the development of new TB vaccines.BCG is primarily used for the prevention of TB and the treatment of bladder cancer,although it also has other indications.This paper reviewed the recent research progress of BCG,focusing on its development history,improvements,and indications.
作者
曹慧(综述)
王珣(审校)
CAO Hui;WANG Xun(Department of Quality Assurance,Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100176,China)
出处
《中国生物制品学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期1530-1537,共8页
Chinese Journal of Biologicals
关键词
结核病
卡介苗
疫苗
Tuberculosis(TB)
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)
Vaccine
