摘要
探讨秸秆还田后不同施磷量对旱地小麦籽粒灌浆特性及磷素吸收利用的影响,以期为科学施用磷肥助力旱地小麦高产提供理论依据。试验选用小麦品种‘洛旱22’为材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为玉米秸秆还田处理,分别为秸秆不还田(S0)、秸秆全量还田(S1),副区为施磷量处理,分别为0 kg/hm~2(P0)、75 kg/hm~2(P1)、112.5 kg/hm~2(P2)、150 kg/hm~2(P3)、187.5 kg/hm~2(P4),分析了不同处理的小麦籽粒灌浆特性、干物质积累转运、磷素吸收利用率及产量形成的差异。结果表明:(1)花后干物质和磷对籽粒的贡献率在秸秆还田下差异显著,而在不同施磷量下表现不显著。秸秆还田和增施磷量均能提高小麦各器官干物质和磷积累量、花后干物质和磷同化量,增加小麦穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,从而提高小麦产量,除千粒重外,以上各指标均随施磷水平的提高呈先升高后下降的趋势,在P3处理达到最大值;P3处理的小麦穗数、穗粒数和产量在S1处理下分别比P0提高了23.14%、9.81%和26.87%,在S0处理下分别比P0提高了20.82%、14.11%和26.48%。S1处理小麦产量、穗数在P3水平下较S0处理分别提高了3.78%、4.74%;两者互作对小麦产量有显著影响,在S1P3处理达到最大,为6928.66 kg/hm~2。(2)通过logistic灌浆方程得,小麦籽粒最大灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率出现的时间、灌浆速率达到最大时的籽粒生长量、灌浆持续时间、平均灌浆速率、灌浆渐增期持续时间以及快增期持续时间均是S1处理优于S0处理,且随施磷水平的提高呈先升高后下降的趋势,在P3处理达到最大值,秸秆还田与施磷均能提高籽粒最大灌浆速率、达到最大灌浆速率的时间以及平均灌浆速率,延长籽粒灌浆期,其中S1P3处理更有利于冬小麦籽粒灌浆进程的优化,进而提高千粒重。(3)秸秆还田处理促进了磷的吸收利用,磷肥农学效率、磷肥偏生产力及磷肥吸收利用率平�
The effects of different phosphorus application rates on grain filling characteristics and phosphorus absorption and utilization of dryland wheat after straw returning to the field were explored,in order to provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of phosphorus fertilizer to help high yield of dryland wheat.The wheat ‘Luohan 22' was selected as the material,and the split plot experiment design was adopted in the experiment.The main area was the corn straw returning treatment,including no straw returning(S0) and full straw returning(S1),and the sub area was the phosphorus application treatment,including 0kg/hm~2(P0),75 kg/hm~2(P1),112.5 kg/hm~2(P2),150 kg/hm~2(P3) and 187.5 kg/hm~2(P4).The differences of wheat grain filling characteristics,dry matter accumulation and transportation,phosphorus absorption and utilization rate and yield formation of different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) the contribution rates of dry matter and phosphorus to grain after anthesis were significantly different under straw returning,but not different under different phosphorus application rates.Straw returning to the field and increasing phosphorus application both increased the dry matter and phosphorus accumulation of wheat organs,the dry matter and phosphorus assimilation after anthesis,and increased the number of wheat ears,the number of grains per ear and the 1000 grain weight,thus improved the wheat yield.Except for the 1000 grain weight,the above indicators all increased first and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus application rate,and reached the maximum value in P3treatment.The spike number,grain number per spike and yield of P3 treatment were increased by 23.14%,9.81% and 26.87%,respectively,compared with P0 under S1 treatment,and increased by 20.82%,14.11% and 26.48%,respectively,compared with P0 under S0 treatment.The yield and spike number of S1 treatment increased by 3.78% and 4.74%,respectively,compared with S0 treatment at P3 level.The interaction of them had a significa
作者
王贺正
张冬霞
张静
马嵩科
柴雪茹
张俊豪
WANG He-zheng;ZHANG Dong-xia;ZHANG Jing;MA Song-ke;CHAI Xue-ru;ZHANG Jun-hao(Agricultural College/Peony College,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang Henan 471000)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期150-159,共10页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300400)
河南省科技攻关项目(212102110309)。
关键词
秸秆还田
施磷量
籽粒灌浆特性
磷素吸收利用
straw returning
phosphorus application rate
grain filling characteristics
phosphorus absorption and utilization
