摘要
钢球的球体几何特性令表面上的缺陷难以连贯成像引起漏检或缺陷畸变被误判,且钢球的镜面反射效应可能造成缺陷信号被周围环境的像和高反亮斑淹没,导致缺陷漏检。为此,提出了一种基于光学暗场线扫描技术的钢球表面缺陷检测方法,设计搭建了一套适用于高反射率钢球的暗场线扫表面缺陷检测系统,开发了图像预处理、畸变校正、缺陷提取、点云重建、分割和过滤等算法,建立球面图像点间的空间几何关系,成功将钢球表面缺陷在三维球面上重构,实现了轴承钢球表面缺陷的三维连贯检测。实验结果表明,对表面完好的无损球测量重复性为0.14%,对表面带有缺陷的磨损球测量重复性为0.11%。
Steel ball is a key assembly part of bearing,and its surface defect is one of the main causes of bearing failure.At present,the domestic inspection of the surface quality of steel balls is still using the artificial visual inspection method with low detection efficiency and high false detection rate.This paper proposes a detection method for steel ball surface defects based on optical dark field line scanningtechnology, and constructs a surface defect detection system for high reflectivity steel ball by dark field linescanning.As the surface of the bearing steel ball is close to the mirror reflection, the traditional light source willcause the surface of the halo, resulting in local overexposure of the camera, and the image of thesurrounding object will be reflected into the surface of the steel ball, and part of the defect information willbe submerged. In addition, because the normal direction of the steel ball changes everywhere, the lightingsource used in the traditional detection method is difficult to construct an optical dark field for the sphere.Given the above two cases, this paper uses line laser scanning to construct the spherical optical dark field,and simulates the reflected light direction under different incidence angles and line widths, and finally solvesthe detection blind area caused by overexposure and environmental image reflection on the surface of thesteel ball, and realizes the construction of the broadband dark field area on the surface of the steel ball andthe acquisition of images.The spherical geometry of the steel ball makes it impossible for all surface defects to be presentedcoherently without distortion on the same two-dimensional image. That results in missed or false detectiondue to incomplete defect shooting. Therefore, this paper stitches multiple spherical and ring images tocover the whole sphere, studies its distortion correction algorithm, filters the image noise through medianfiltering and threshold segmentation, extracts defect features, establishes the spatial geometric rel
作者
黄涵
史舟淼
施玉书
张树
胡佳成
HUANG Han;SHI Zhoumiao;SHI Yushu;ZHANG Shu;HU Jiacheng(College of Metroogy&Measurement Engineering,University of China Jiling,Hangzhou 310018,China;Shenzhen Institute for Technology Innovation,NIM,Shenzhen 518107,China;Center for Advanced Measurement Science,National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《光子学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期99-111,共13页
Acta Photonica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(No.2021YFF0700403)。
关键词
图像处理
球面缺陷检测
暗场线扫描
钢球
球面三维重建
Image processing
Spherical surface defect detection
Dark field line scanning
Steel ball
Spherical 3D reconstruction
